{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Electrode manufacturing",
    "properties": {
      "id": "electrode-manufacturing",
      "name": "Electrode manufacturing",
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "The first phase of cell production: mixing a slurry, coating it on foil, drying it, calendering to density and slitting to width. It is run as a continuous roll-to-roll line, and its consistency decides most of the final cell’s quality.",
      "related": [
        "mixing",
        "coating",
        "drying",
        "calendering",
        "slitting",
        "cell-production"
      ],
      "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode-manufacturing/",
      "mentions": [
        "slurry"
      ]
    }
  },
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      "source": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
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      "source": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
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      "id": "edge:2244",
      "source": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
      "target": "term:calendering",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:2245",
      "source": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
      "target": "term:slitting",
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      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
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      "id": "edge:2246",
      "source": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
      "target": "term:cell-production",
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      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "source": "term:electrode-manufacturing",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes"
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      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:mixing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Mixing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "mixing",
        "name": "Mixing",
        "aka": [
          "slurry preparation"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Dispersing active material, conductive carbon and binder in solvent to a uniform slurry with the right viscosity for coating. Order of addition and shear history matter: poorly dispersed carbon leaves particles electrically stranded.",
        "related": [
          "slurry",
          "coating",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive",
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Composition is not the process",
          "text": "Equal component masses with different mixing histories can produce different dispersion and coating behavior."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mixing/",
        "mentions": [
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coating",
        "name": "Coating",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Applying slurry to the moving foil at a controlled wet thickness, usually with a slot die, often on both sides. Coating weight per area must be held within about one percent across the web, because every downstream property depends on it.",
        "related": [
          "slot-die",
          "areal-loading",
          "drying",
          "electrode-manufacturing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Wet and dry thickness differ",
          "text": "Wet coating includes solvent. Dry thickness also depends on retained solids and resulting structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating/",
        "mentions": [
          "slurry"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:drying",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Drying",
      "properties": {
        "id": "drying",
        "name": "Drying",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Evaporating the solvent from the wet coating in an oven tens of metres long. Drying too fast drives binder to the surface and weakens adhesion to the foil; it is the most energy-hungry step in the plant.",
        "related": [
          "coating",
          "nmp",
          "solvent-recovery",
          "binder-migration",
          "calendering"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Identify what the measurement proves",
          "text": "Final coating mass alone does not prove uniform binder distribution or acceptable residual moisture."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/drying/",
        "mentions": [
          "binder"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:calendering",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Calendering",
      "properties": {
        "id": "calendering",
        "name": "Calendering",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Compressing a dried electrode coating between rollers to set its thickness, density and porosity. It is one of the electrode-making steps in cell production.",
        "related": [
          "porosity",
          "electrode-density",
          "drying",
          "slitting"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Connect thickness and density",
          "text": "At fixed mass and area, reducing thickness raises bulk density. The pore structure still needs to support wetting and transport."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/calendering/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "cell-production",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:slitting",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Slitting",
      "properties": {
        "id": "slitting",
        "name": "Slitting",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Cutting the wide coated roll into the narrow strips a cell needs, with rotary knives. A clean edge matters: burrs can pierce the separator and cause an internal short.",
        "related": [
          "notching",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "calendering"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Check width and edges",
          "text": "Cutting a coated roll to width creates new edges. Width accuracy and edge quality are separate checks."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/slitting/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator",
          "burr"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-production",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-production",
        "name": "Cell production",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The three-phase process that turns powders and foils into finished cells: electrode making, cell assembly and cell finishing. Electrode making is a roll-to-roll chemical process; assembly is precision mechanics; finishing is electrochemistry that takes weeks.",
        "related": [
          "electrode-manufacturing",
          "cell-assembly",
          "cell-finishing",
          "gigafactory"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#three-phases",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-production/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:slurry",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Slurry",
      "properties": {
        "id": "slurry",
        "name": "Slurry",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The mixture of active material, conductive carbon, binder and solvent that is coated onto a current-collector foil to make an electrode. Positive slurries use NMP as solvent; graphite slurries are water-based.",
        "related": [
          "mixing",
          "coating",
          "nmp",
          "binder",
          "solids-content"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/slurry/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "active-material",
          "graphite",
          "conductive-additive"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3 · Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}