{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:electrode-density",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Electrode density",
    "properties": {
      "id": "electrode-density",
      "name": "Electrode density",
      "aka": [
        "press density"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "The mass of coating per unit volume after calendering, around 1.6 g/cm³ for graphite and 3.4–3.6 g/cm³ for NMC. Higher density raises energy density but lowers porosity and slows ion transport.",
      "unit": "g/cm³",
      "related": [
        "calendering",
        "porosity",
        "energy-density",
        "areal-loading",
        "tap-density"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode-density/",
      "mentions": [
        "graphite",
        "coating"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:2327",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2328",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:calendering",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2329",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:porosity",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2330",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:energy-density",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2331",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:areal-loading",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2332",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:tap-density",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/electrode-density/graphite",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:graphite",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/electrode-density/coating",
      "source": "term:electrode-density",
      "target": "term:coating",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:calendering",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Calendering",
      "properties": {
        "id": "calendering",
        "name": "Calendering",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Compressing a dried electrode coating between rollers to set its thickness, density and porosity. It is one of the electrode-making steps in cell production.",
        "related": [
          "porosity",
          "electrode-density",
          "drying",
          "slitting"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Connect thickness and density",
          "text": "At fixed mass and area, reducing thickness raises bulk density. The pore structure still needs to support wetting and transport."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/calendering/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "cell-production",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:porosity",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Porosity",
      "properties": {
        "id": "porosity",
        "name": "Porosity",
        "abbr": "ε",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The fraction of a layer’s volume that is empty space. In a lithium-ion electrode the pores — roughly 20–35 % of the volume after calendering — are filled with electrolyte, which carries ions to the particles.",
        "unit": "—",
        "related": [
          "porous-electrode",
          "tortuosity",
          "calendering",
          "bruggeman-relation"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#porosity",
        "example": {
          "title": "Use the volume basis",
          "text": "Pore volume of 0.3 cm³ within 1 cm³ total electrode volume means 30% porosity. It does not specify connectivity or tortuosity."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/porosity/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-density",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy density",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-density",
        "name": "Energy density",
        "aka": [
          "volumetric energy density"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Stored energy per unit volume, in watt-hours per litre. It is the figure that matters when space is the constraint, as in a phone or under a car floor; high-energy cylindrical cells pass 700 Wh/L.",
        "unit": "Wh/L",
        "related": [
          "specific-energy",
          "nominal-energy",
          "ragone-plot",
          "areal-loading"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-density/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:areal-loading",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Areal loading",
      "properties": {
        "id": "areal-loading",
        "name": "Areal loading",
        "aka": [
          "mass loading",
          "areal capacity"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "How much active material, or capacity, an electrode carries per square centimetre of foil, typically 2–5 mAh/cm². Higher loading raises energy density but lengthens the ion path, which limits fast charging.",
        "unit": "mAh/cm², mg/cm²",
        "related": [
          "coating",
          "energy-density",
          "fast-charging",
          "tortuosity"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert mass and area",
          "text": "200 mg active material over 20 cm² gives 10 mg/cm² loading. State whether the measurement includes one or both coated sides."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/areal-loading/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "electrode",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:tap-density",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Tap density",
      "properties": {
        "id": "tap-density",
        "name": "Tap density",
        "aka": [
          "tapped density"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The bulk density of a powder after a cylinder of it has been mechanically tapped a set number of times, as in ASTM B527. Dense, spherical NMC reaches about 2.6–2.8 g/cm³, LFP only about 0.8–1.1 g/cm³; higher tap density lets calendering reach a higher electrode density and so more energy per litre.",
        "unit": "g/cm³",
        "related": [
          "electrode-density",
          "particle-size",
          "calendering",
          "energy-density",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "precursor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/tap-density/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
          "intercalation",
          "natural-graphite",
          "synthetic-graphite",
          "lithium-plating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coating",
        "name": "Coating",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Applying slurry to the moving foil at a controlled wet thickness, usually with a slot die, often on both sides. Coating weight per area must be held within about one percent across the web, because every downstream property depends on it.",
        "related": [
          "slot-die",
          "areal-loading",
          "drying",
          "electrode-manufacturing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Wet and dry thickness differ",
          "text": "Wet coating includes solvent. Dry thickness also depends on retained solids and resulting structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating/",
        "mentions": [
          "slurry"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}