{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:electric-vehicle",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Electric vehicle",
    "properties": {
      "id": "electric-vehicle",
      "name": "Electric vehicle",
      "abbr": "EV",
      "aka": [
        "BEV",
        "battery electric vehicle"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.",
      "related": [
        "hybrid-vehicle",
        "range",
        "pack",
        "regenerative-braking",
        "maritime-battery",
        "industrial-vehicle-battery"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-vehicle/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:145",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "workflow:drive-profile",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3085",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3086",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "term:hybrid-vehicle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3087",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "term:range",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3088",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "term:pack",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3089",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "term:regenerative-braking",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3090",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "term:maritime-battery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3091",
      "source": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "target": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:drive-profile",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Replay a changing load",
      "properties": {
        "id": "drive-profile",
        "title": "Replay a changing load",
        "kind": "protocol",
        "summary": "Replay applies an existing governed profile.",
        "steps": [
          "Open Drive-cycle replay.",
          "Inspect profile and scale; compare current and SOC."
        ],
        "example": "40 kW at 400 V needs about 100 A before losses; at 350 V it needs about 114 A.",
        "observe": "Current rises as voltage falls under fixed power.",
        "limits": "The selected profile determines regeneration. This is not an independent road-load or motor-efficiency model.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/",
        "label": "Open Design → Protocol bench",
        "evidence": [
          "js/test-protocol.js"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hybrid-vehicle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hybrid-vehicle",
        "name": "Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle",
        "abbr": "HEV, PHEV",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A hybrid pairs an engine with a small battery, around 1 kWh, that is cycled hard for power rather than energy; a plug-in hybrid adds a 10–25 kWh pack that can be charged from the grid for electric-only driving. Their cells are designed for power and life rather than energy.",
        "related": [
          "electric-vehicle",
          "specific-power",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "cycle-life",
          "48v-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hybrid-vehicle/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:range",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Range",
      "properties": {
        "id": "range",
        "name": "Range",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "How far an electric vehicle travels on a full charge: usable energy divided by consumption per kilometre. Cold weather, speed and heating cut it, and the gap between official and real range is usually consumption, not battery capacity.",
        "unit": "km",
        "related": [
          "usable-capacity",
          "state-of-energy",
          "electric-vehicle",
          "energy-density",
          "energy-consumption-per-distance",
          "road-load-power"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/range/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pack",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery pack",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pack",
        "name": "Battery pack",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The complete battery as installed: modules or cells, the BMS, contactors and fuses, busbars, cooling, sensors and an enclosure. Its energy is the sum of its cells’ energies; its mass and volume are a good deal more.",
        "related": [
          "module",
          "bms",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "thermal-management",
          "cell-to-pack-ratio",
          "enclosure"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pack/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:regenerative-braking",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Regenerative braking",
      "properties": {
        "id": "regenerative-braking",
        "name": "Regenerative braking",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Using a vehicle’s motor as a generator while slowing down, so braking energy charges the battery in short high-current pulses. A cold or full battery cannot accept it, which is one reason a BMS computes charge power limits continuously.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-power",
          "fast-charging",
          "electric-vehicle",
          "load-profile"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/regenerative-braking/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:maritime-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Maritime battery systems",
      "properties": {
        "id": "maritime-battery",
        "name": "Maritime battery systems",
        "aka": [
          "marine battery",
          "ship battery",
          "electric ferry"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries for ships: all-electric ferries on short crossings, and hybrid propulsion that lets vessels run engines at their best load or sit emission-free in port. Norway’s first all-electric car ferry, in service since 2015, uses about 150–200 kWh per crossing. Classification societies such as DNV set rules for fire safety, ventilation and gas detection in battery rooms.",
        "related": [
          "gas-detection",
          "fire-suppression",
          "thermal-propagation",
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/maritime-battery/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Industrial vehicle batteries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "industrial-vehicle-battery",
        "name": "Industrial vehicle batteries",
        "aka": [
          "forklift battery",
          "AGV battery",
          "AMR battery",
          "motive power battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries for forklifts, warehouse tugs, automated guided vehicles and mobile robots. Lead–acid forklift batteries are deliberately heavy, doubling as counterweight, and are swapped or recharged over a shift break; LFP replacements allow opportunity charging in short pauses, which suits robots that dock themselves between tasks.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "lfp",
          "opportunity-charging",
          "iec-62485",
          "battery-swapping"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/industrial-vehicle-battery/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}