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      "definition": "A production room whose air is kept extremely dry — dew points around −30 °C to −60 °C — so that no moisture reaches the cell while the electrolyte goes in. Water would react with the salt LiPF₆ to form hydrofluoric acid.",
      "related": [
        "dew-point",
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        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
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        "unit": "°C",
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      "id": "term:vacuum-drying",
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        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Baking electrode rolls or finished stacks under vacuum at 80–120 °C for many hours to drive off the last traces of water before they enter the dry room. Residual moisture would otherwise react with the electrolyte salt.",
        "related": [
          "dry-room",
          "lithium-salt",
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      "id": "term:electrolyte-filling",
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        "definition": "Injecting a measured volume of electrolyte into the sealed-but-for-one-opening cell, usually under vacuum followed by pressure so the liquid is pulled into the pores. The cell then rests for wetting before formation.",
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      "id": "term:lithium-salt",
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        "definition": "The dissolved salt that supplies the mobile lithium ions in a liquid electrolyte, almost always lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF₆, at about one mole per litre. It reacts with traces of water to form hydrofluoric acid, which is why cells are filled in a dry room.",
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        "mentions": [
          "lipf6"
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      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
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          "ionic-conductivity",
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          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hydrofluoric-acid",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hydrofluoric acid",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hydrofluoric-acid",
        "name": "Hydrofluoric acid",
        "abbr": "HF",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Formed when LiPF₆ electrolyte meets water, or when a fluorinated cell burns. Inside a cell traces of it attack the positive electrode and SEI; in a fire it is the most dangerous component of the vented gas.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:lipf6",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium hexafluorophosphate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lipf6",
        "name": "Lithium hexafluorophosphate",
        "abbr": "LiPF₆",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The lithium salt in nearly every commercial electrolyte, chosen for conductivity, aluminium passivation and cost rather than stability: it decomposes above about 60 °C and reacts with water to form HF.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "hydrofluoric-acid",
          "lifsi",
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          "aluminium-foil"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lipf6/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "passivation"
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    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3 · Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}