{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:digital-twin",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Digital twin",
    "properties": {
      "id": "digital-twin",
      "name": "Digital twin",
      "section": "topic-transport",
      "definition": "A model of a specific battery, kept in step with its real counterpart by live data, used to estimate state, predict life and plan operation. The term is used loosely; a model only earns it when it is continuously updated from the asset.",
      "related": [
        "aging-model",
        "state-of-health",
        "bms",
        "remaining-useful-life"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/digital-twin/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:2227",
      "source": "term:digital-twin",
      "target": "topic:topic-transport",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2228",
      "source": "term:digital-twin",
      "target": "term:aging-model",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2229",
      "source": "term:digital-twin",
      "target": "term:state-of-health",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2230",
      "source": "term:digital-twin",
      "target": "term:bms",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2231",
      "source": "term:digital-twin",
      "target": "term:remaining-useful-life",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-transport",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Transport and modelling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-transport",
        "name": "Transport and modelling",
        "lede": "How ions move, and the equations and models that describe a cell.",
        "context": "Specify phase, direction and boundaries.",
        "example": "The same concentration difference across 10 μm gives ten times the gradient across 100 μm; at equal D, first-law flux magnitude is ten times greater.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/transport/ficks-first-law/",
        "lesson_label": "Open diffusion"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:aging-model",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Aging model",
      "properties": {
        "id": "aging-model",
        "name": "Aging model",
        "aka": [
          "degradation model",
          "lifetime model"
        ],
        "section": "topic-transport",
        "definition": "A model that predicts capacity fade and resistance growth as functions of time, temperature, SOC and throughput. Empirical models fit power laws and Arrhenius terms to test data; physics-based models simulate the SEI, plating and cracking mechanisms themselves.",
        "related": [
          "square-root-of-time",
          "arrhenius",
          "calendar-aging",
          "cycle-aging",
          "remaining-useful-life",
          "digital-twin"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/aging-model/",
        "mentions": [
          "sei",
          "state-of-charge",
          "capacity-fade",
          "impedance-rise"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:state-of-health",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "State of health",
      "properties": {
        "id": "state-of-health",
        "name": "State of health",
        "abbr": "SOH",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "A summary of how far a cell has aged, often expressed through remaining capacity or increased resistance compared with when it was new. By convention a cell has reached end of life at 80 % of its rated capacity.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "capacity-fade",
          "impedance-rise",
          "end-of-life",
          "remaining-useful-life",
          "state-of-charge",
          "state-of-certified-energy"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-health/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:bms",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "bms",
        "name": "Battery management system",
        "abbr": "BMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "cell-balancing",
          "state-of-power",
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "contactor",
          "can-bus"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bms/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-health",
          "cell-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:remaining-useful-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Remaining useful life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "remaining-useful-life",
        "name": "Remaining useful life",
        "abbr": "RUL",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "A prediction of how many cycles, or how much time, a battery has left before reaching end of life. It is estimated from the trend of state of health, and is uncertain near a knee point where fade accelerates.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-health",
          "end-of-life",
          "knee-point",
          "cycle-life"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/remaining-useful-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}