{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:design-for-recycling",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Design for recycling",
    "properties": {
      "id": "design-for-recycling",
      "name": "Design for recycling",
      "aka": [
        "design for disassembly"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Choosing pack and cell constructions — bolted rather than glued modules, labelled chemistries, no potting — that make end-of-life dismantling fast and safe. It trades a little production convenience for a large saving at the recycler.",
      "related": [
        "circular-economy",
        "recycling",
        "cell-to-pack",
        "dismantling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/design-for-recycling/",
      "mentions": [
        "potting-compound"
      ]
    }
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      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
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        "name": "Circular economy",
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          "recycling",
          "second-life",
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          "design-for-recycling"
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        "mentions": [
          "dismantling"
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      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
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          "production-scrap"
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      "id": "term:cell-to-pack",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell-to-pack",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-to-pack",
        "name": "Cell-to-pack",
        "abbr": "CTP",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "Building the pack directly from cells without the intermediate module, using large-format cells that bear load themselves. It raises the cell-to-pack ratio and cuts parts, at the cost of making the pack harder to service.",
        "related": [
          "module",
          "cell-to-pack-ratio",
          "cell-to-chassis",
          "blade-cell",
          "ab-battery-system"
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      "id": "term:dismantling",
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        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Taking a pack apart down to modules or cells to recover the casing, busbars, cables and electronics separately and to send only the cells on. It is still largely manual; robotic disassembly is held back by the variety of designs, glue and potting.",
        "related": [
          "deactivation",
          "design-for-recycling",
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      "id": "term:potting-compound",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Potting compound",
      "properties": {
        "id": "potting-compound",
        "name": "Potting compound",
        "aka": [
          "potting",
          "encapsulant"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A liquid resin — polyurethane, silicone or epoxy, sometimes foamed — poured around cells or electronics and cured into a solid block. It fixes cells against vibration, insulates them and can slow thermal propagation; some structural packs fill every gap between cylindrical cells with it. The cost is mass and a pack that is hard to repair or recycle.",
        "related": [
          "structural-adhesive",
          "thermal-propagation",
          "design-for-recycling",
          "dismantling",
          "vibration-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/potting-compound/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:harper-recycling",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Recycling lithium-ion batteries from electric vehicles",
        "publisher": "Nature",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1682-5",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Reuse, disassembly and mechanical, hydro-, pyro- and direct recycling routes.",
        "year": 2019,
        "authors": [
          "Gavin Harper et al."
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}