{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:density-separation",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Density separation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "density-separation",
      "name": "Density separation",
      "aka": [
        "air classification",
        "zig-zag sifter",
        "sink-float"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Separating materials by density in air or liquid: light separator and plastic film rise or float, heavier copper, aluminium and electrode fragments fall or sink.",
      "related": [
        "sieving",
        "eddy-current-separation",
        "mechanical-pretreatment"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/density-separation/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "separator"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4308",
      "source": "term:density-separation",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
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    {
      "id": "edge:4309",
      "source": "term:density-separation",
      "target": "term:sieving",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4310",
      "source": "term:density-separation",
      "target": "term:eddy-current-separation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4311",
      "source": "term:density-separation",
      "target": "term:mechanical-pretreatment",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/density-separation/electrode",
      "source": "term:density-separation",
      "target": "term:electrode",
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      "properties": {
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        "field": "definition",
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        "field": "definition",
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      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
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      "id": "term:sieving",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Sieving and classification",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sieving",
        "name": "Sieving and classification",
        "aka": [
          "screening",
          "size classification"
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        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Splitting shredded material by particle size: the fine fraction is mostly black mass, the coarse fractions mostly foil, casing and separator. Air classifiers do the same by size and density in a gas stream.",
        "related": [
          "mechanical-pretreatment",
          "black-mass",
          "density-separation"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sieving/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator",
          "particle-size"
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      "id": "term:eddy-current-separation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Eddy-current separation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "eddy-current-separation",
        "name": "Eddy-current separation",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Ejecting non-ferrous metals such as aluminium from a moving stream with a rapidly rotating magnetic field, which induces currents in conductive pieces and throws them off the belt. It recovers casing and foil aluminium.",
        "related": [
          "magnetic-separation",
          "mechanical-pretreatment",
          "density-separation"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eddy-current-separation/",
        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:mechanical-pretreatment",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Mechanical pre-treatment",
      "properties": {
        "id": "mechanical-pretreatment",
        "name": "Mechanical pre-treatment",
        "aka": [
          "mechanical processing"
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        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The front end of most recycling plants: shredding cells or modules, drying off the electrolyte and separating the stream into casings, copper and aluminium foil, plastics and black mass. How cleanly this is done sets the purity, and the cost, of everything downstream.",
        "related": [
          "shredding",
          "sieving",
          "magnetic-separation",
          "eddy-current-separation",
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mechanical-pretreatment/",
        "mentions": [
          "aluminium-foil",
          "electrolyte",
          "drying"
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      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:separator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Separator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "separator",
        "name": "Separator",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A porous, electronically insulating film between the electrodes. Electrons cannot cross it; ions move through the electrolyte in its pores.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "ceramic-coated-separator",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "porosity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#separator",
        "example": {
          "title": "Different conduction paths",
          "text": "A separator prevents direct electronic contact while permitting ionic transport through its electrolyte-filled structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/separator/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}