{
"node": {
"id": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"type": "Term",
"label": "DC fast charging",
"properties": {
"id": "dc-fast-charging",
"name": "DC fast charging",
"abbr": "DCFC",
"aka": [
"rapid charging",
"HPC"
],
"section": "topic-infrastructure",
"definition": "Charging from a station that supplies DC straight to the pack, bypassing the car’s onboard charger, at 50 kW to over 350 kW. The BMS, not the charger, sets the current from moment to moment, which is why the charge curve tapers as the pack fills.",
"related": [
"fast-charging",
"onboard-charger",
"pack-voltage",
"preconditioning",
"charging-curve",
"evse"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dc-fast-charging/",
"mentions": [
"charger",
"bms"
]
}
},
"edges": [
{
"id": "edge:104",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "workflow:charge-session",
"type": "usedIn",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3106",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
"type": "belongsTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3107",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:fast-charging",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3108",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:onboard-charger",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3109",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:pack-voltage",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3110",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:preconditioning",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3111",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:charging-curve",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3112",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:evse",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:mentions/dc-fast-charging/charger",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:charger",
"type": "mentions",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
"field": "definition",
"meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:mentions/dc-fast-charging/bms",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "term:bms",
"type": "mentions",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
"field": "definition",
"meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3115",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "visual:charging-cccv",
"type": "illustratedBy",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "visual-pages.json"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:3116",
"source": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"target": "reference:afdc-charging",
"type": "cites",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
"scope": "direct technical reference"
}
}
],
"neighbors": [
{
"id": "workflow:charge-session",
"type": "Workflow",
"label": "Find the charge-time limit",
"properties": {
"id": "charge-session",
"title": "Find the charge-time limit",
"kind": "protocol",
"summary": "The separate Charge session compares power, current, acceptance and CV limits.",
"steps": [
"Select a rechargeable cell and pack.",
"Open Analysis → Charge session; increase power."
],
"example": "A 50 kW source at 400 V cannot deliver 50 kW through a 100 A ceiling; that current limit corresponds to 40 kW.",
"observe": "Read the named limiting reason.",
"limits": "This differs from the Studio network and requires cell resistance data and product access.",
"url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/",
"label": "Open Design → Charge session",
"evidence": [
"js/charger.js"
]
}
},
{
"id": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
"type": "Topic",
"label": "Charging infrastructure",
"properties": {
"id": "topic-infrastructure",
"name": "Charging infrastructure",
"lede": "Where and how vehicles are charged: charging strategies, power levels, connectors and the protocols between vehicle and charger.",
"context": "Separate compatibility from requested average power.",
"example": "A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.",
"lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
"lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
}
},
{
"id": "term:fast-charging",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Fast charging",
"properties": {
"id": "fast-charging",
"name": "Fast charging",
"section": "topic-charging",
"definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
"related": [
"lithium-plating",
"c-rate",
"cc-cv-charging",
"dc-fast-charging",
"thermal-management",
"mscc"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
"mentions": [
"state-of-charge"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:onboard-charger",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Onboard charger",
"properties": {
"id": "onboard-charger",
"name": "Onboard charger",
"abbr": "OBC",
"section": "topic-infrastructure",
"definition": "The converter inside the vehicle that turns AC from a home or public socket into DC for the pack, typically rated 7–22 kW. DC fast chargers bypass it, which is why they can be so much more powerful.",
"related": [
"charger",
"dc-fast-charging",
"cc-cv-charging",
"un-r10",
"slow-charging"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/onboard-charger/",
"mentions": []
}
},
{
"id": "term:pack-voltage",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Pack voltage",
"properties": {
"id": "pack-voltage",
"name": "Pack voltage",
"aka": [
"400 V system",
"800 V system"
],
"section": "topic-pack",
"definition": "The nominal voltage of the full series string, about 400 V in most electric cars and 800 V in newer ones. Doubling the voltage halves the current for the same power, so cables, connectors and losses shrink and charging can be faster.",
"unit": "V",
"related": [
"series-parallel",
"dc-fast-charging",
"high-voltage-interlock",
"insulation-resistance"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pack-voltage/",
"mentions": [
"nominal-voltage",
"string"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:preconditioning",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Preconditioning",
"properties": {
"id": "preconditioning",
"name": "Preconditioning",
"section": "topic-thermal",
"definition": "Warming or cooling the battery to its preferred temperature before a fast charge or a hard drive, using the vehicle’s own heaters and pumps. Navigating to a charger triggers it in many cars, because a cold pack cannot accept high current safely.",
"related": [
"thermal-management",
"fast-charging",
"lithium-plating",
"operating-temperature"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/preconditioning/",
"mentions": [
"charger"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:charging-curve",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Charging curve",
"properties": {
"id": "charging-curve",
"name": "Charging curve",
"section": "topic-infrastructure",
"definition": "The power a vehicle actually accepts against its state of charge during a fast charge: high at low SOC, stepping down as the cells approach voltage and plating limits. The area under it, not the peak kilowatts, decides how long a stop takes.",
"unit": "kW",
"related": [
"dc-fast-charging",
"fast-charging",
"cc-cv-charging",
"derating",
"boost-charging"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charging-curve/",
"mentions": [
"state-of-charge"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:evse",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Electric vehicle supply equipment",
"properties": {
"id": "evse",
"name": "Electric vehicle supply equipment",
"abbr": "EVSE",
"aka": [
"charging station",
"charge point",
"wallbox"
],
"section": "topic-infrastructure",
"definition": "The charging equipment between the grid and the vehicle: an AC wallbox that only switches and protects the supply, or a DC charger that also converts it. It enforces the current limit, ground-fault protection and communication with the vehicle.",
"related": [
"charging-modes",
"dc-fast-charging",
"control-pilot",
"ocpp",
"evcc"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/evse/",
"mentions": [
"charger"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:charger",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Charger",
"properties": {
"id": "charger",
"name": "Charger",
"section": "topic-charging",
"definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
"related": [
"cc-cv-charging",
"bms",
"onboard-charger",
"dc-fast-charging"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
"mentions": []
}
},
{
"id": "term:bms",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Battery management system",
"properties": {
"id": "bms",
"name": "Battery management system",
"abbr": "BMS",
"section": "topic-pack",
"definition": "The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.",
"related": [
"state-of-charge",
"cell-balancing",
"state-of-power",
"cell-supervision-circuit",
"contactor",
"can-bus"
],
"lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack",
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bms/",
"mentions": [
"state-of-health",
"cell-voltage"
]
}
},
{
"id": "visual:charging-cccv",
"type": "Visual",
"label": "Compare charging profiles",
"properties": {
"title": "Compare charging profiles",
"summary": "See which quantity is held constant, when the phase changes and how charging ends.",
"readout": "Current holds at 5 A until the example 4.15 V threshold; voltage then holds while current tapers. The stop marker is a separate low-current termination condition.",
"formula": "CC: I = I_set · CV: V = V_limit",
"note": "Positive current charges the cell. Time is normalized; selected thresholds are not cell-specific recommendations. The voltage trace ends at termination; post-stop relaxation is excluded.",
"software": {
"status": "studio",
"label": "Lemonergy Studio charging controller",
"body": "The native controller regulates CC-CV charging. Its battery model uses charge balance, linear OCV and constant resistance. These authored profiles are explanatory, not its simulation output.",
"href": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=charging-home"
},
"html": "Current profile
Charge current
\nVoltage profile
Cell voltage
"
}
},
{
"id": "reference:afdc-charging",
"type": "Reference",
"label": "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
"properties": {
"title": "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
"publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center",
"url": "https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations",
"type": "Technical explainer",
"scope": "U.S. charging equipment levels, charging infrastructure and connector context. Regional terminology varies.",
"accessed": "2026-10-27"
}
}
]
}