{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Data-driven SOC estimation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "name": "Data-driven SOC estimation",
      "aka": [
        "machine-learning SOC estimation",
        "neural-network SOC estimation",
        "support vector machine",
        "SVM",
        "LSTM"
      ],
      "section": "topic-state",
      "definition": "Estimating SOC with a model learned from data — LSTM neural networks, support vector regression, Gaussian processes — that maps histories of voltage, current and temperature to charge. It needs no physical model, but is only as good as its training data across temperature and aging, and is harder to verify for functional safety than a Kalman filter.",
      "related": [
        "state-of-charge",
        "kalman-filter",
        "coulomb-counting",
        "functional-safety",
        "equivalent-circuit-model"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/data-driven-soc-estimation/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6549",
      "source": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "target": "topic:topic-state",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6550",
      "source": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "target": "term:state-of-charge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6551",
      "source": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "target": "term:kalman-filter",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6552",
      "source": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "target": "term:coulomb-counting",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6553",
      "source": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "target": "term:functional-safety",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6554",
      "source": "term:data-driven-soc-estimation",
      "target": "term:equivalent-circuit-model",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-state",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "State estimation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-state",
        "name": "State estimation",
        "lede": "The quantities a battery management system estimates but cannot measure directly.",
        "context": "Distinguish internal states from noisy measurement estimates.",
        "example": "Current-sensor bias accumulates in coulomb counting. Exact model SOC does not establish real estimator accuracy.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charge balance"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:state-of-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "State of charge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "state-of-charge",
        "name": "State of charge",
        "abbr": "SOC",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "How full a cell is, as a fraction of its available capacity. State of charge, like temperature, affects how fast a stored cell ages.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "coulomb-counting",
          "state-of-health",
          "bms"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc",
        "example": {
          "title": "Interpret a charge inventory",
          "text": "If available capacity is 5 Ah and 3 Ah remains by the chosen estimator, SOC is 60%. A different estimate of available capacity changes this percentage, so compare SOC values only with the capacity convention recorded."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "usable-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:kalman-filter",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Kalman filter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "kalman-filter",
        "name": "Kalman filter",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "A recursive estimator that blends a model prediction with noisy measurements according to how much each is trusted. In a BMS an extended Kalman filter combines coulomb counting with a voltage model to track SOC and sometimes resistance.",
        "related": [
          "coulomb-counting",
          "equivalent-circuit-model",
          "state-of-charge",
          "bms",
          "fuzzy-logic",
          "data-driven-soc-estimation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/kalman-filter/",
        "mentions": [
          "coulomb"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coulomb-counting",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coulomb counting",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coulomb-counting",
        "name": "Coulomb counting",
        "aka": [
          "ampere-hour counting"
        ],
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "Estimating state of charge by integrating the measured current over time. Simple and fast, but sensor offset accumulates, so it is corrected against the OCV–SOC curve at rest or fused with it in a Kalman filter.",
        "formula": "SOC(t) = SOC₀ − ∫ I dt / Q",
        "related": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "kalman-filter",
          "current-sensor"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Integrate a discharge step",
          "text": "Starting at 80% SOC with a 5 Ah available capacity, an ideal 2 A discharge for 30 min removes 1 Ah and lowers SOC to 60%. This example takes discharge current as positive and ignores efficiency and sensor error."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coulomb-counting/",
        "mentions": [
          "open-circuit-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:functional-safety",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Functional safety",
      "properties": {
        "id": "functional-safety",
        "name": "Functional safety",
        "abbr": "ISO 26262",
        "aka": [
          "ASIL"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The discipline, standardised for vehicles in ISO 26262, of making sure electronic failures do not cause harm. Battery functions such as overvoltage protection are classified by risk into ASIL levels A to D, which set how redundant and verified their hardware and software must be.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "fmea",
          "mcu",
          "iso-13849"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/functional-safety/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:equivalent-circuit-model",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Equivalent circuit model",
      "properties": {
        "id": "equivalent-circuit-model",
        "name": "Equivalent circuit model",
        "abbr": "ECM",
        "aka": [
          "Thevenin model"
        ],
        "section": "topic-transport",
        "definition": "A cell model built from a voltage source for OCV, a series resistor and one or more RC pairs for the slower dynamics. Its few parameters are fitted from pulse tests, and it is what most battery management systems run in real time.",
        "related": [
          "rc-pair",
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "hppc",
          "kalman-filter",
          "single-particle-model"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/equivalent-circuit-model/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}