{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:cycler",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Battery cycler",
    "properties": {
      "id": "cycler",
      "name": "Battery cycler",
      "aka": [
        "battery tester",
        "cycling channel"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "The instrument that charges and discharges cells to a programmed schedule while logging voltage, current and temperature, with one independent channel per cell. Laboratory cyclers resolve microvolts; production formation cyclers handle thousands of cells at once.",
      "related": [
        "testing",
        "capacity-test",
        "potentiostat",
        "formation",
        "cycler-file-formats"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycler/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:2615",
      "source": "term:cycler",
      "target": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2616",
      "source": "term:cycler",
      "target": "term:testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2617",
      "source": "term:cycler",
      "target": "term:capacity-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2618",
      "source": "term:cycler",
      "target": "term:potentiostat",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2619",
      "source": "term:cycler",
      "target": "term:formation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2620",
      "source": "term:cycler",
      "target": "term:cycler-file-formats",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "testing",
        "name": "Cell testing",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Measuring a cell’s capacity, resistance, efficiency, rate capability, life and safety under defined conditions. Because every result depends on the conditions, a result without its temperature, current and voltage limits is not a result.",
        "related": [
          "capacity-test",
          "cycler",
          "reference-performance-test",
          "abuse-testing",
          "datasheet"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "rate-capability"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:capacity-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Capacity test",
      "properties": {
        "id": "capacity-test",
        "name": "Capacity test",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "A defined capacity test with specified charge, rest, discharge and cutoff conditions, usually a full CC-CV charge, a rest, and a C/3 or lower discharge to the lower cutoff at 25 °C. The delivered ampere-hours are the cell’s measured capacity.",
        "related": [
          "nominal-capacity",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "reference-performance-test",
          "rate-test"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#nominal-capacity",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/capacity-test/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:potentiostat",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Potentiostat",
      "properties": {
        "id": "potentiostat",
        "name": "Potentiostat",
        "aka": [
          "galvanostat"
        ],
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "An instrument that controls the potential of an electrode against a reference and measures the current, or the reverse as a galvanostat. It is the tool for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-electrode experiments.",
        "related": [
          "cycler",
          "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
          "three-electrode-cell",
          "reference-electrode",
          "cyclic-voltammetry"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/potentiostat/",
        "mentions": [
          "impedance",
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:formation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Formation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "formation",
        "name": "Formation",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The first controlled charge and discharge cycles of a newly assembled cell, during which the SEI forms. It is part of cell production, before aging and grading.",
        "related": [
          "sei",
          "degassing",
          "aging-step",
          "first-cycle-loss",
          "cell-finishing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
        "example": {
          "title": "Distinguish first finishing cycles",
          "text": "Initial controlled cycles are a cell-finishing operation; their purpose and observations differ from later customer charging."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/formation/",
        "mentions": [
          "cell-production"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cycler-file-formats",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cycler file formats",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycler-file-formats",
        "name": "Cycler file formats",
        "aka": [
          ".nda",
          ".ndax",
          ".res",
          ".mpr",
          ".mpt",
          "Neware",
          "Arbin",
          "BioLogic",
          "Maccor"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The native files of battery testers: Neware .nda and .ndax, Arbin .res, BioLogic EC-Lab .mpr and .mpt, Maccor raw and exported files, and others. Each stores the same time, voltage and current data differently, which is why open readers and the Battery Data Format exist.",
        "related": [
          "battery-data-format",
          "cycler",
          "potentiostat",
          "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycler-file-formats/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}