{ "node": { "id": "term:current", "type": "Term", "label": "Current", "properties": { "id": "current", "name": "Current", "section": "topic-units", "definition": "The rate at which charge flows through the cell and its circuit, in amperes. Outside the cell it is carried by electrons; inside, by lithium ions moving through the electrolyte.", "formula": "I = dQ/dt", "unit": "A", "related": [ "ampere", "c-rate", "ionic-path" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#discharge", "example": { "title": "Convert charge transfer to current", "text": "If 120 C passes a point in 60 s at a steady rate, the current is 2 A. When the rate varies, integrate the current trace to recover the total charge." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/current/", "mentions": [ "electrolyte" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:7", "source": "term:current", "target": "workflow:c-rate", "type": "usedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json" } }, { "id": "edge:175", "source": "term:current", "target": "topic:topic-units", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:176", "source": "term:current", "target": "term:ampere", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:177", "source": "term:current", "target": "term:c-rate", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:178", "source": "term:current", "target": "term:ionic-path", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/current/electrolyte", "source": "term:current", "target": "term:electrolyte", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:180", "source": "term:current", "target": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-anatomy/", "type": "explainedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#discharge" } }, { "id": "edge:181", "source": "term:current", "target": "visual:capacity", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } }, { "id": "edge:182", "source": "term:current", "target": "reference:bipm-si", "type": "cites", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json", "scope": "direct technical reference" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "workflow:c-rate", "type": "Workflow", "label": "Convert C-rate into current", "properties": { "id": "c-rate", "title": "Convert C-rate into current", "kind": "core", "summary": "Lemonergy Core evaluates this relation.", "steps": [ "Open the lesson and inspect the equation.", "Change one input while holding the others fixed." ], "example": "A 5 Ah cell at 0.5C corresponds to 2.5 A. At 2C it corresponds to 10 A.", "observe": "Compare the result with the equation and units.", "limits": "Current magnitudes do not establish safe charge rates.", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/", "label": "Open the worked lesson", "evidence": [ "src/battery_core/capacity.py" ] } }, { "id": "topic:topic-units", "type": "Topic", "label": "Units and electrical basics", "properties": { "id": "topic-units", "name": "Units and electrical basics", "lede": "The quantities every datasheet is written in, and how they relate.", "context": "Use consistent units and cell/pack basis.", "example": "10 A for 30 min transfers 5 Ah. At constant 3.6 V this is 18 Wh; varying voltage requires integration.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/", "lesson_label": "Open capacity and C-rate" } }, { "id": "term:ampere", "type": "Term", "label": "Ampere", "properties": { "id": "ampere", "name": "Ampere", "abbr": "A", "section": "topic-units", "definition": "The SI unit of electric current: one coulomb of charge passing a point per second. Cell currents are quoted in amperes, or as a C-rate so cells of different size can be compared.", "unit": "A", "related": [ "coulomb", "c-rate", "current" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ampere/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:c-rate", "type": "Term", "label": "C-rate", "properties": { "id": "c-rate", "name": "C-rate", "section": "topic-ratings", "definition": "Current divided by nominal capacity, in reciprocal hours. 1C on a 20 Ah cell is 20 A; 2C is 40 A. C-rate lets you compare loads on cells of different sizes.", "formula": "C-rate = I / Q_nominal", "unit": "h⁻¹", "related": [ "nominal-capacity", "ideal-duration", "current", "e-rate", "fast-charging" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#c-rate", "example": { "title": "Convert a rating into amperes", "text": "For a 5 Ah cell, 0.5C means 2.5 A, 1C means 5 A and 2C means 10 A. Dividing 2.5 A by 5 Ah returns 0.5 h⁻¹, conventionally written 0.5C." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/c-rate/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:ionic-path", "type": "Term", "label": "Ionic path", "properties": { "id": "ionic-path", "name": "Ionic path", "section": "topic-electrochemistry", "definition": "The route lithium ions take: out of one electrode’s particles, through the electrolyte in its pores, across the separator and into the particles of the other electrode. The electrons and ions arrive together, so the slower of the two paths limits the cell.", "related": [ "electronic-path", "electrolyte", "separator", "tortuosity", "diffusion", "ion" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#discharge", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ionic-path/", "mentions": [ "electrode" ] } }, { "id": "term:electrolyte", "type": "Term", "label": "Electrolyte", "properties": { "id": "electrolyte", "name": "Electrolyte", "section": "topic-electrolytes", "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.", "related": [ "lithium-salt", "carbonate-solvent", "electrolyte-additive", "ionic-conductivity", "solid-electrolyte", "ionic-liquid-electrolyte" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte", "example": { "title": "Ions and electrons", "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/", "mentions": [ "separator" ] } }, { "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-anatomy/", "type": "Lesson", "label": "Lesson 1 · Cell anatomy", "properties": { "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/" } }, { "id": "visual:capacity", "type": "Visual", "label": "C-rate, current and duration", "properties": { "title": "C-rate, current and duration", "summary": "A C-rate becomes an actual current only when capacity is known.", "readout": "5 Ah × 1C = 5 A. Ideal duration: 1 h (60 min).", "formula": "I = Q × C-rate; t_ideal = 1 / C-rate", "note": "Voltage cutoff, losses, temperature and rate-dependent capacity are excluded.", "software": { "status": "implemented", "label": "Implemented in battery-core", "body": "current_from_c_rate calculates I = Q × C-rate; ideal_duration_hours calculates 1 / C-rate. Neither predicts voltage-cutoff time or real usable capacity.", "href": "../fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/" }, "html": "
Ideal remaining charge
Ideal remaining chargeTime (h) versus Remaining charge (Ah). 1C. Interpretation follows the graphs.001.2512.523.75354Time (h)Remaining charge (Ah)
1C
" } }, { "id": "reference:bipm-si", "type": "Reference", "label": "The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition", "properties": { "title": "The International System of Units (SI), 9th edition", "publisher": "Bureau International des Poids et Mesures", "url": "https://doi.org/10.59161/AUEZ1291", "type": "Metrology reference", "scope": "Definitions of SI units and coherent derived units; 2026 revision.", "year": 2026, "accessed": "2026-10-27" } } ] }