{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:cradle-to-grave",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Cradle-to-grave",
    "properties": {
      "id": "cradle-to-grave",
      "name": "Cradle-to-grave",
      "aka": [
        "cradle-to-gate",
        "gate-to-gate",
        "cradle-to-cradle"
      ],
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "Names for the extent of a life-cycle assessment. Cradle-to-gate runs from raw-material extraction to the factory exit, the usual scope of a cell supplier’s data; gate-to-gate covers one production step; cradle-to-grave adds use and disposal; cradle-to-cradle replaces disposal with recycling into new products, the goal of a closed battery loop.",
      "related": [
        "system-boundary",
        "life-cycle-assessment",
        "circular-economy",
        "recycling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cradle-to-grave/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6953",
      "source": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "target": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6954",
      "source": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "target": "term:system-boundary",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6955",
      "source": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "target": "term:life-cycle-assessment",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6956",
      "source": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "target": "term:circular-economy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6957",
      "source": "term:cradle-to-grave",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:system-boundary",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "System boundary",
      "properties": {
        "id": "system-boundary",
        "name": "System boundary",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The line in a life-cycle assessment between the processes counted and those left out. The EU’s battery carbon-footprint rules include raw-material extraction, production, distribution and end of life but exclude the use stage, so the footprint describes how the battery is made and recycled, not how clean the electricity that charges it is.",
        "related": [
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "functional-unit",
          "cradle-to-grave",
          "carbon-footprint-declaration"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/system-boundary/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:life-cycle-assessment",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Life-cycle assessment",
      "properties": {
        "id": "life-cycle-assessment",
        "name": "Life-cycle assessment",
        "abbr": "LCA",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The method for totalling a product’s environmental impact from raw material to end of life, standardised in ISO 14040. For a battery it is what turns mining, production, use and recycling data into a carbon footprint.",
        "related": [
          "carbon-footprint",
          "recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/life-cycle-assessment/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life",
          "iso-14040"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:circular-economy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Circular economy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "circular-economy",
        "name": "Circular economy",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Keeping materials in use through repair, reuse, remanufacturing and recycling rather than mining and discarding. For batteries it means design for disassembly, second-life use and closed-loop recycling of the metals.",
        "related": [
          "recycling",
          "second-life",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "design-for-recycling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/circular-economy/",
        "mentions": [
          "dismantling"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}