{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "CPSC micromobility battery rule",
    "properties": {
      "id": "cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "name": "CPSC micromobility battery rule",
      "aka": [
        "UL 2849",
        "UL 2272",
        "UL 2271"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s proposed mandatory rule for lithium-ion batteries in e-bikes, e-scooters and similar products, published in June 2026. It would require e-bikes to meet UL 2849, other personal e-mobility products UL 2272 and standalone replacement packs UL 2271, each with CPSC changes, and adds requirements and warnings for aftermarket chargers.",
      "related": [
        "micromobility",
        "en-50604",
        "gb-17761",
        "underwriters-laboratories",
        "charger",
        "thermal-runaway"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cpsc-micromobility-rule/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6324",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6325",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6326",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "term:en-50604",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6327",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "term:gb-17761",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6328",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "term:underwriters-laboratories",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6329",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6330",
      "source": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "target": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Micromobility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "micromobility",
        "name": "Micromobility",
        "aka": [
          "light electric vehicle",
          "LEV",
          "e-bike"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "E-bikes, e-scooters and small motorcycles with packs of 0.3–3 kWh built from cylindrical cells. Their packs are cheap and often charged indoors, which is why they feature disproportionately in fire statistics.",
        "related": [
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "protection-circuit",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "un-r136",
          "en-50604",
          "battery-swapping"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/micromobility/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:en-50604",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EN 50604-1",
      "properties": {
        "id": "en-50604",
        "name": "EN 50604-1",
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The European safety standard for lithium batteries in light electric vehicles — e-bikes, scooters and other LEV — covering cell and pack abuse tests and the protective functions of the pack electronics.",
        "related": [
          "micromobility",
          "un-r136",
          "iec-62133"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/en-50604/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:gb-17761",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "GB 17761",
      "properties": {
        "id": "gb-17761",
        "name": "GB 17761",
        "aka": [
          "GB 43854",
          "e-bike safety standard"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "China’s mandatory safety specification for electric bicycles. The 2024 edition, in force since September 2025, caps design speed at 25 km/h, limits plastic parts to 5.5 % of the bike’s mass to reduce fire load, and requires battery and charger to recognise each other before charging. The lithium-ion battery itself must meet the companion standard GB 43854.",
        "related": [
          "micromobility",
          "en-50604",
          "cpsc-micromobility-rule",
          "charger",
          "thermal-propagation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/gb-17761/",
        "mentions": [
          "lithium-ion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:underwriters-laboratories",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UL",
      "properties": {
        "id": "underwriters-laboratories",
        "name": "UL",
        "aka": [
          "Underwriters Laboratories",
          "UL Solutions",
          "UL Standards & Engagement"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The US safety-science organisation, founded in 1894 as Underwriters Laboratories, whose numbered standards — UL 1642, UL 2580, UL 9540, UL 9540A and others — define much of North American battery safety. Since 2022 it has operated as UL Standards & Engagement, which writes the standards, the commercial UL Solutions, which tests and certifies to them, and UL Research Institutes.",
        "related": [
          "ul-1642",
          "ul-2580",
          "ul-9540",
          "ul-9540a",
          "ul-1973",
          "iec"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/underwriters-laboratories/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal runaway",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-runaway",
        "name": "Thermal runaway",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Self-accelerating heating in a cell: heat speeds up reactions that release more heat, until the cell vents, catches fire or ruptures. An internal short, overcharge or external heating can trigger it.",
        "related": [
          "onset-temperature",
          "thermal-propagation",
          "venting",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "thermal-runaway-energy",
          "exothermic"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-runaway/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}