{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:cost-per-kwh",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Cost per kilowatt-hour",
    "properties": {
      "id": "cost-per-kwh",
      "name": "Cost per kilowatt-hour",
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "The headline price of cells or packs per unit of nominal energy. Pack prices fell by about 90 % between 2010 and the mid-2020s to roughly 100 US dollars per kWh, with LFP cells in China well below that.",
      "unit": "$/kWh",
      "related": [
        "kilowatt-hour",
        "yield",
        "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "lfp"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cost-per-kwh/",
      "mentions": [
        "nominal-energy"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3170",
      "source": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3171",
      "source": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "target": "term:kilowatt-hour",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3172",
      "source": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "target": "term:yield",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3173",
      "source": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "target": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3174",
      "source": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "target": "term:lfp",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/cost-per-kwh/nominal-energy",
      "source": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "target": "term:nominal-energy",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:kilowatt-hour",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Kilowatt-hour",
      "properties": {
        "id": "kilowatt-hour",
        "name": "Kilowatt-hour",
        "abbr": "kWh",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "One thousand watt-hours, the unit for pack and system energy. An electric car carries 40–100 kWh; grid storage is quoted in megawatt-hours (1000 kWh) and factory output in gigawatt-hours per year.",
        "unit": "kWh",
        "related": [
          "watt-hour",
          "nominal-energy",
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "gigafactory"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/kilowatt-hour/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:yield",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Yield",
      "properties": {
        "id": "yield",
        "name": "Yield",
        "aka": [
          "scrap rate"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The fraction of started material that ends as saleable cells. New plants often run at 60–80 % and mature ones above 95 %; because materials dominate cell cost, each point of scrap is expensive.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "gigafactory",
          "end-of-line-testing"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Declare the denominator",
          "text": "950 passing units out of 1000 inspected gives 95% unit pass yield for that test. It does not report scrap mass or every upstream yield."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/yield/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Levelized cost of storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "name": "Levelized cost of storage",
        "abbr": "LCOS",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The total lifetime cost of a storage system divided by the total energy it will discharge, in currency per megawatt-hour. It folds cell price, efficiency, cycle life and degradation into one figure for comparing technologies.",
        "unit": "€/MWh",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "cycle-life",
          "energy-efficiency",
          "stationary-storage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/levelized-cost-of-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lfp",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "LFP",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lfp",
        "name": "LFP",
        "aka": [
          "lithium iron phosphate",
          "LiFePO₄"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A positive electrode material, LiFePO₄, giving cells a nominal voltage around 3.2 V, long cycle life and good thermal stability, but less energy per kilogram than nickel-rich oxides. Its flat voltage curve makes state of charge hard to read from voltage alone.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "nmc",
          "lmfp",
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "cycle-life"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#voltage",
        "example": {
          "title": "Chemistry is not the whole datasheet",
          "text": "Two LFP products can differ in format, loading, capacity and current limits. Their cathode family alone does not make them interchangeable."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lfp/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "discharge-curve",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nominal-energy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nominal energy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nominal-energy",
        "name": "Nominal energy",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Nominal capacity times nominal voltage, in watt-hours: the headline energy figure on a datasheet. The energy actually delivered depends on the load, the temperature and how the voltage curve is weighted.",
        "formula": "E = Q × V_nominal",
        "unit": "Wh",
        "related": [
          "nominal-capacity",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "watt-hour",
          "energy-density"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "example": {
          "title": "Turn capacity into a nominal energy",
          "text": "A 5 Ah cell with a nominal voltage of 3.6 V has 18 Wh of nominal energy. This estimate uses the nominal voltage; delivered energy is the integral of measured terminal voltage multiplied by current."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nominal-energy/",
        "mentions": [
          "datasheet",
          "discharge-curve"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}