{ "node": { "id": "term:cooling-plate", "type": "Term", "label": "Cooling plate", "properties": { "id": "cooling-plate", "name": "Cooling plate", "aka": [ "cold plate" ], "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "A flat aluminium channel assembly under or between the cells through which coolant, usually a water–glycol mix, is pumped. Heat crosses from cell to plate through a thermal interface material; the plate also sets the pack’s temperature uniformity.", "related": [ "thermal-management", "thermal-interface-material", "immersion-cooling" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cooling-plate/", "mentions": [ "thermal-gradient", "coolant" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:2926", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "topic:topic-thermal", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:2927", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "term:thermal-management", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2928", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "term:thermal-interface-material", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2929", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "term:immersion-cooling", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/cooling-plate/thermal-gradient", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "term:thermal-gradient", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/cooling-plate/coolant", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "term:coolant", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2932", "source": "term:cooling-plate", "target": "visual:thermal", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "topic:topic-thermal", "type": "Topic", "label": "Thermal management and heat transfer", "properties": { "id": "topic-thermal", "name": "Thermal management and heat transfer", "lede": "How heat is made, moved and removed in cells and packs, and the hardware that keeps a battery at the right temperature.", "context": "Select spatial detail for the question.", "example": "Equal total heat in different layouts can produce different gradients. Average temperature can miss a hot spot.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/", "lesson_label": "Open temperature and aging" } }, { "id": "term:thermal-management", "type": "Term", "label": "Thermal management", "properties": { "id": "thermal-management", "name": "Thermal management", "abbr": "TMS", "aka": [ "battery thermal management system", "BTMS" ], "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "Keeping cells in their comfortable range, roughly 15–35 °C, and within a few degrees of each other: liquid cooling plates, refrigerant plates or immersion for heat removal, and heaters or waste heat for warming before fast charging in the cold.", "related": [ "cooling-plate", "thermal-interface-material", "operating-temperature", "heat-generation", "preconditioning", "temperature-sensor" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-management/", "mentions": [ "fast-charging" ] } }, { "id": "term:thermal-interface-material", "type": "Term", "label": "Thermal interface material", "properties": { "id": "thermal-interface-material", "name": "Thermal interface material", "abbr": "TIM", "aka": [ "gap filler" ], "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "A soft, thermally conductive paste or pad that fills the gap between cells and the cooling plate so heat does not have to cross air. It is dispensed by the kilogram in a pack and is a surprising share of its cost.", "related": [ "cooling-plate", "thermal-management" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-interface-material/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:immersion-cooling", "type": "Term", "label": "Immersion cooling", "properties": { "id": "immersion-cooling", "name": "Immersion cooling", "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "Bathing the cells directly in a non-conducting dielectric fluid that is pumped to a heat exchanger. It cools every surface evenly and slows thermal propagation, at the cost of fluid mass and sealing.", "related": [ "thermal-management", "cooling-plate", "thermal-propagation" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/immersion-cooling/", "mentions": [ "heat-exchanger" ] } }, { "id": "term:thermal-gradient", "type": "Term", "label": "Thermal gradient", "properties": { "id": "thermal-gradient", "name": "Thermal gradient", "aka": [ "temperature gradient", "temperature spread", "temperature uniformity" ], "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "A change of temperature with position — within a cell from core to surface, or across a pack from coolant inlet to outlet. Packs are commonly designed to keep cells within about 5 °C of each other, because warmer cells age faster and, in parallel, carry more current, so a gradient grows into an imbalance.", "related": [ "hot-spot", "cell-to-cell-variation", "cooling-plate", "thermal-management", "biot-number" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-gradient/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:coolant", "type": "Term", "label": "Coolant", "properties": { "id": "coolant", "name": "Coolant", "aka": [ "water–glycol", "glycol coolant", "ethylene glycol" ], "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "The liquid pumped through cooling plates and heat exchangers, usually a roughly 50:50 mix of water and ethylene glycol that stays liquid to about −35 °C. It carries heat better than air or dielectric oils, but it conducts electricity, so a leak inside a pack threatens insulation resistance and can short live parts.", "related": [ "cooling-plate", "chiller", "radiator", "heat-exchanger", "immersion-cooling", "insulation-resistance" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coolant/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "visual:thermal", "type": "Visual", "label": "Heat approaches an equilibrium", "properties": { "title": "Heat approaches an equilibrium", "summary": "Thermal resistance sets the steady temperature rise; thermal mass sets the response time.", "readout": "Steady rise: 10 K. Time constant: 8.333 min.", "formula": "ΔT = P R_th [1 − exp(−t / (C_th R_th))]", "note": "C_th = 500 J/K, fixed ambient and heat input, uniform temperature.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "Analysis → Charge session supports optional lumped thermal behavior. This independent explanation uses a 500 J/K thermal mass and constant heat input; it is not an application simulation result.", "href": "https://design.lemonergy.com/" }, "html": "
Temperature above ambient
Temperature above ambientTime (min) versus Temperature rise (K). Lumped response. Interpretation follows the graphs.001515303045456060Time (min)Temperature rise (K)
Lumped response
" } } ] }