{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:coating-defects",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Coating defects",
    "properties": {
      "id": "coating-defects",
      "name": "Coating defects",
      "aka": [
        "agglomerates",
        "agglomerate",
        "pinholes",
        "pinhole"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "Flaws in a wet or dried electrode coating. Agglomerates are clumps of poorly dispersed carbon or active material that leave lumps and starved patches; pinholes are tiny uncoated spots from air bubbles, dust or a contaminated foil. Both create local loading variations that can cause lithium plating or high resistance, so lines inspect the web optically.",
      "related": [
        "coating",
        "mixing",
        "areal-loading",
        "lithium-plating",
        "slurry-rheology",
        "electrode-wrinkling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating-defects/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "active-material"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4863",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4864",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:coating",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4865",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:mixing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4866",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:areal-loading",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4867",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:lithium-plating",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4868",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:slurry-rheology",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4869",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:electrode-wrinkling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/coating-defects/electrode",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/coating-defects/active-material",
      "source": "term:coating-defects",
      "target": "term:active-material",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coating",
        "name": "Coating",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Applying slurry to the moving foil at a controlled wet thickness, usually with a slot die, often on both sides. Coating weight per area must be held within about one percent across the web, because every downstream property depends on it.",
        "related": [
          "slot-die",
          "areal-loading",
          "drying",
          "electrode-manufacturing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Wet and dry thickness differ",
          "text": "Wet coating includes solvent. Dry thickness also depends on retained solids and resulting structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating/",
        "mentions": [
          "slurry"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:mixing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Mixing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "mixing",
        "name": "Mixing",
        "aka": [
          "slurry preparation"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Dispersing active material, conductive carbon and binder in solvent to a uniform slurry with the right viscosity for coating. Order of addition and shear history matter: poorly dispersed carbon leaves particles electrically stranded.",
        "related": [
          "slurry",
          "coating",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive",
          "nmp"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Composition is not the process",
          "text": "Equal component masses with different mixing histories can produce different dispersion and coating behavior."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mixing/",
        "mentions": [
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:areal-loading",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Areal loading",
      "properties": {
        "id": "areal-loading",
        "name": "Areal loading",
        "aka": [
          "mass loading",
          "areal capacity"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "How much active material, or capacity, an electrode carries per square centimetre of foil, typically 2–5 mAh/cm². Higher loading raises energy density but lengthens the ion path, which limits fast charging.",
        "unit": "mAh/cm², mg/cm²",
        "related": [
          "coating",
          "energy-density",
          "fast-charging",
          "tortuosity"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert mass and area",
          "text": "200 mg active material over 20 cm² gives 10 mg/cm² loading. State whether the measurement includes one or both coated sides."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/areal-loading/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "electrode",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-plating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium plating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-plating",
        "name": "Lithium plating",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.",
        "related": [
          "dendrite",
          "fast-charging",
          "intercalation",
          "np-ratio",
          "dead-lithium",
          "electrodeposition"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#plating",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-plating/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:slurry-rheology",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Slurry rheology",
      "properties": {
        "id": "slurry-rheology",
        "name": "Slurry rheology",
        "aka": [
          "slurry viscosity",
          "shear thinning"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "How an electrode slurry flows under stress, measured as viscosity against shear rate on a rheometer. A good slurry is shear-thinning: thin under the high shear of the coating head, thick at rest so particles do not settle and the wet film does not spread before it dries. Rheology is the main check that mixing produced a stable, coatable slurry.",
        "related": [
          "slurry",
          "mixing",
          "solids-content",
          "coating",
          "slot-die"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/slurry-rheology/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode-wrinkling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode wrinkling and buckling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode-wrinkling",
        "name": "Electrode wrinkling and buckling",
        "aka": [
          "wrinkling",
          "buckling",
          "foil wrinkles",
          "jelly-roll deformation"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Out-of-plane waves or folds in an electrode. In production they come from calendering, where the coated area stretches more than the bare foil edge, and from uneven web tension in winding; in service, electrode expansion can buckle a tightly wound jelly roll. Wrinkles leave uneven gaps and pressure that cause local lithium plating or separator damage.",
        "related": [
          "calendering",
          "winding",
          "jelly-roll",
          "lithium-plating",
          "swelling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode-wrinkling/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "active-material",
        "name": "Active material",
        "abbr": "AM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The part of an electrode that actually stores lithium — graphite on the negative side, an oxide or phosphate on the positive. It makes up most of the electrode coating; the rest is binder and conductive additive.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "anode-active-material",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Choose a mass basis",
          "text": "A 100 g coating containing 95 g active material has different specific-capacity numbers when normalized to active mass versus total coating mass."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}