{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:cmc",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Carboxymethyl cellulose",
    "properties": {
      "id": "cmc",
      "name": "Carboxymethyl cellulose",
      "abbr": "CMC",
      "section": "topic-components",
      "definition": "A water-soluble cellulose derivative used with SBR as the binder system for graphite electrodes. It thickens the aqueous slurry and disperses the particles; SBR supplies the elasticity.",
      "related": [
        "binder",
        "sbr",
        "slurry",
        "pvdf"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cmc/",
      "mentions": [
        "graphite"
      ]
    }
  },
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      "id": "edge:3440",
      "source": "term:cmc",
      "target": "topic:topic-components",
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      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3441",
      "source": "term:cmc",
      "target": "term:binder",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:3442",
      "source": "term:cmc",
      "target": "term:sbr",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:3443",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "id": "edge:3444",
      "source": "term:cmc",
      "target": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:mentions/cmc/graphite",
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      "id": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Cell components and electrode materials",
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        "id": "topic-components",
        "name": "Cell components and electrode materials",
        "lede": "What a cell is physically made of — active materials, binders, additives, foils and tabs — and how its electrodes are put together.",
        "context": "Connect each material with its function.",
        "example": "Electrons travel through additive, foil and tab; ions use electrolyte and separator pathways.",
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        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
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        "definition": "A polymer that holds electrode particles to each other and to the foil — typically PVDF for positive electrodes and CMC with SBR for graphite. It stores no charge, so cell designers use as little as the electrode needs.",
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        "example": {
          "title": "Balance coating functions",
          "text": "Increasing binder fraction at fixed coating mass leaves less mass for active material and conductive additive. Adhesion and capacity are separate design considerations."
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/binder/",
        "mentions": [
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    {
      "id": "term:sbr",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Styrene–butadiene rubber",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sbr",
        "name": "Styrene–butadiene rubber",
        "abbr": "SBR",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A rubber latex that gives graphite coatings their flexibility and adhesion to copper, used at about 1–2 % together with CMC. The pair lets negative electrodes be made with water instead of NMP.",
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      "id": "term:slurry",
      "type": "Term",
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        "name": "Slurry",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The mixture of active material, conductive carbon, binder and solvent that is coated onto a current-collector foil to make an electrode. Positive slurries use NMP as solvent; graphite slurries are water-based.",
        "related": [
          "mixing",
          "coating",
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    {
      "id": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "PVDF",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pvdf",
        "name": "PVDF",
        "aka": [
          "polyvinylidene fluoride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The fluoropolymer binder used in most positive electrodes. It dissolves only in solvents such as NMP, which is why positive-electrode slurries are solvent-based and need solvent recovery in the plant.",
        "related": [
          "binder",
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        "mentions": [
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    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
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        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}