{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:circular-economy",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Circular economy",
    "properties": {
      "id": "circular-economy",
      "name": "Circular economy",
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Keeping materials in use through repair, reuse, remanufacturing and recycling rather than mining and discarding. For batteries it means design for disassembly, second-life use and closed-loop recycling of the metals.",
      "related": [
        "recycling",
        "second-life",
        "eu-battery-regulation",
        "design-for-recycling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/circular-economy/",
      "mentions": [
        "dismantling"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3348",
      "source": "term:circular-economy",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3349",
      "source": "term:circular-economy",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3350",
      "source": "term:circular-economy",
      "target": "term:second-life",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3351",
      "source": "term:circular-economy",
      "target": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3352",
      "source": "term:circular-economy",
      "target": "term:design-for-recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/circular-economy/dismantling",
      "source": "term:circular-economy",
      "target": "term:dismantling",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:second-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Second life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "second-life",
        "name": "Second life",
        "aka": [
          "repurposing"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Using vehicle packs that have reached their automotive end of life, with 70–80 % capacity left, in less demanding stationary storage before recycling. Grading the used cells and the liability for them are the practical obstacles.",
        "related": [
          "end-of-life",
          "stationary-storage",
          "state-of-health",
          "recycling",
          "battery-passport",
          "battery-triage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/second-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EU Battery Regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "eu-battery-regulation",
        "name": "EU Battery Regulation",
        "aka": [
          "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.",
        "related": [
          "battery-passport",
          "carbon-footprint",
          "recycling",
          "due-diligence",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "eu-battery-directive"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-regulation/",
        "mentions": [
          "collection-target"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:design-for-recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Design for recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "design-for-recycling",
        "name": "Design for recycling",
        "aka": [
          "design for disassembly"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Choosing pack and cell constructions — bolted rather than glued modules, labelled chemistries, no potting — that make end-of-life dismantling fast and safe. It trades a little production convenience for a large saving at the recycler.",
        "related": [
          "circular-economy",
          "recycling",
          "cell-to-pack",
          "dismantling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/design-for-recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "potting-compound"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dismantling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dismantling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dismantling",
        "name": "Dismantling",
        "aka": [
          "disassembly",
          "pack disassembly"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Taking a pack apart down to modules or cells to recover the casing, busbars, cables and electronics separately and to send only the cells on. It is still largely manual; robotic disassembly is held back by the variety of designs, glue and potting.",
        "related": [
          "deactivation",
          "design-for-recycling",
          "shredding",
          "remanufacturing"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dismantling/",
        "mentions": [
          "potting-compound"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}