{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:chronopotentiometry",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Chronopotentiometry",
    "properties": {
      "id": "chronopotentiometry",
      "name": "Chronopotentiometry",
      "aka": [
        "galvanostatic measurement",
        "constant-current measurement"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "Applying a constant current and recording the electrode potential over time — the principle behind ordinary galvanostatic cycling and GITT. On lithium metal it measures Sand’s time, when the salt concentration at the surface reaches zero and dendrites begin to grow.",
      "related": [
        "gitt",
        "constant-current",
        "chronoamperometry",
        "dendrite",
        "concentration-polarization"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/chronopotentiometry/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "electrode-potential"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5354",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5355",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:gitt",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5356",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:constant-current",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5357",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:chronoamperometry",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5358",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:dendrite",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5359",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:concentration-polarization",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/chronopotentiometry/electrode",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/chronopotentiometry/electrode-potential",
      "source": "term:chronopotentiometry",
      "target": "term:electrode-potential",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:gitt",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique",
      "properties": {
        "id": "gitt",
        "name": "Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique",
        "abbr": "GITT",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "A series of short constant-current pulses each followed by a long rest, so that both the equilibrium voltage curve and the solid diffusion coefficient can be extracted at each state of charge. It is slow, often days per cell, and a staple of parameterisation.",
        "related": [
          "diffusion-coefficient",
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "parameterisation",
          "pitt",
          "intermittent-current-interruption"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/gitt/",
        "mentions": [
          "discharge-curve",
          "state-of-charge",
          "diffusion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:constant-current",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Constant current",
      "properties": {
        "id": "constant-current",
        "name": "Constant current",
        "abbr": "CC",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "A charge or discharge at a fixed current, so capacity is simply current times time. It is the first stage of a CC-CV charge and the normal way to run a capacity test.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "constant-voltage",
          "c-rate",
          "capacity-test"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare two cell capacities",
          "text": "A 2 A current is 1C for a 2 Ah cell and 0.4C for a 5 Ah cell. A constant-current step holds amperes fixed, so a fair comparison between differently sized cells also records C-rate."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/constant-current/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:chronoamperometry",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Chronoamperometry",
      "properties": {
        "id": "chronoamperometry",
        "name": "Chronoamperometry",
        "aka": [
          "potentiostatic hold",
          "potential step"
        ],
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Stepping an electrode to a fixed potential and recording how the current decays with time. A diffusion-limited current falls with the inverse square root of time, the Cottrell relation, which yields diffusion coefficients; long holds measure leakage currents from electrolyte oxidation or self-discharge, and a staircase of small steps is PITT.",
        "formula": "i(t) = n·F·A·c·√(D / (π·t))",
        "related": [
          "pitt",
          "potentiostat",
          "diffusion-coefficient",
          "self-discharge-test",
          "chronopotentiometry"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare a diffusion-controlled current at two times",
          "text": "In the ideal Cottrell regime i ∝ 1/√t. If the current is 2 mA at 1 s, the model gives 1 mA at 4 s. This applies only while the assumed planar semi-infinite diffusion and potential-step conditions hold."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/chronoamperometry/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte",
          "self-discharge",
          "oxidation",
          "diffusion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dendrite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dendrite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dendrite",
        "name": "Dendrite",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A tree-like metal deposit that can grow from the negative electrode through the separator, raising self-discharge or causing an internal short circuit.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "lithium-metal-anode",
          "separator"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#plating",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dendrite/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "self-discharge",
          "short-circuit"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:concentration-polarization",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Concentration polarization",
      "properties": {
        "id": "concentration-polarization",
        "name": "Concentration polarization",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "Voltage loss that arises when reactant is consumed faster than diffusion can replace it, so the concentration at the surface differs from the bulk. It dominates at high current and low temperature and recovers slowly when current stops.",
        "related": [
          "polarization",
          "diffusion",
          "overpotential",
          "relaxation",
          "concentration-gradient"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/concentration-polarization/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode-potential",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode potential",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode-potential",
        "name": "Electrode potential",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "The potential of an electrode relative to a reference, which for lithium-ion work is lithium metal in the same electrolyte, written as V vs Li/Li⁺. Graphite sits near 0.1 V and layered oxides near 3.7–4.3 V on this scale.",
        "unit": "V vs Li/Li⁺",
        "related": [
          "standard-potential",
          "cell-voltage",
          "reference-electrode",
          "half-reaction"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#battery-materials-lab",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode-potential/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}