{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:chiller",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Chiller",
    "properties": {
      "id": "chiller",
      "name": "Chiller",
      "section": "topic-thermal",
      "definition": "A heat exchanger in which evaporating refrigerant from the air-conditioning circuit cools the battery coolant below ambient temperature. A radiator can only bring coolant close to outside air temperature; the chiller is what lets a pack fast-charge on a 35 °C day. Stationary storage containers use packaged chiller units for the same job.",
      "related": [
        "refrigerant-loop",
        "coolant",
        "radiator",
        "heat-exchanger",
        "fast-charging",
        "thermal-management"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/chiller/",
      "mentions": [
        "stationary-storage"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4707",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4708",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4709",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:coolant",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4710",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:radiator",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4711",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:heat-exchanger",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4712",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4713",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:thermal-management",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/chiller/stationary-storage",
      "source": "term:chiller",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-thermal",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-thermal",
        "name": "Thermal management and heat transfer",
        "lede": "How heat is made, moved and removed in cells and packs, and the hardware that keeps a battery at the right temperature.",
        "context": "Select spatial detail for the question.",
        "example": "Equal total heat in different layouts can produce different gradients. Average temperature can miss a hot spot.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open temperature and aging"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:refrigerant-loop",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Refrigerant loop",
      "properties": {
        "id": "refrigerant-loop",
        "name": "Refrigerant loop",
        "aka": [
          "vapour-compression cycle",
          "air-conditioning circuit",
          "evaporator",
          "condenser",
          "compressor",
          "R1234yf",
          "R744"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A closed vapour-compression circuit: a compressor raises refrigerant pressure and temperature, a condenser rejects that heat to air, an expansion valve drops the pressure, and an evaporator absorbs heat as the refrigerant boils. Batteries draw on it through a chiller or through refrigerant plates that act as evaporators; R1234yf and CO₂ (R744) are the usual refrigerants.",
        "related": [
          "chiller",
          "heat-pump",
          "heat-exchanger",
          "radiator",
          "thermal-management"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/refrigerant-loop/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coolant",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coolant",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coolant",
        "name": "Coolant",
        "aka": [
          "water–glycol",
          "glycol coolant",
          "ethylene glycol"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "The liquid pumped through cooling plates and heat exchangers, usually a roughly 50:50 mix of water and ethylene glycol that stays liquid to about −35 °C. It carries heat better than air or dielectric oils, but it conducts electricity, so a leak inside a pack threatens insulation resistance and can short live parts.",
        "related": [
          "cooling-plate",
          "chiller",
          "radiator",
          "heat-exchanger",
          "immersion-cooling",
          "insulation-resistance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coolant/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:radiator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Radiator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "radiator",
        "name": "Radiator",
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A finned coolant-to-air heat exchanger, usually behind the vehicle’s front grille, through which a fan draws air. It can only cool the coolant to a few degrees above the outside air, so it handles the battery in mild weather and the chiller takes over when it is hot or the charging load is high.",
        "related": [
          "heat-exchanger",
          "chiller",
          "coolant",
          "heat-sink",
          "thermal-management"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/radiator/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:heat-exchanger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Heat exchanger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "heat-exchanger",
        "name": "Heat exchanger",
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "A device that moves heat between two fluids without mixing them, through thin metal walls with as much area as possible. In battery systems the main examples are the chiller, between refrigerant and coolant, and the radiator, between coolant and air; a cooling plate does the same job between cells and coolant.",
        "related": [
          "chiller",
          "radiator",
          "coolant",
          "cooling-plate",
          "refrigerant-loop"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/heat-exchanger/",
        "mentions": [
          "mixing"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fast-charging",
        "name": "Fast charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "c-rate",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "thermal-management",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-management",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal management",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-management",
        "name": "Thermal management",
        "abbr": "TMS",
        "aka": [
          "battery thermal management system",
          "BTMS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-thermal",
        "definition": "Keeping cells in their comfortable range, roughly 15–35 °C, and within a few degrees of each other: liquid cooling plates, refrigerant plates or immersion for heat removal, and heaters or waste heat for warming before fast charging in the cold.",
        "related": [
          "cooling-plate",
          "thermal-interface-material",
          "operating-temperature",
          "heat-generation",
          "preconditioning",
          "temperature-sensor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-management/",
        "mentions": [
          "fast-charging"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}