{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:charging-levels",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Charging levels 1–3",
    "properties": {
      "id": "charging-levels",
      "name": "Charging levels 1–3",
      "aka": [
        "Level 1",
        "Level 2",
        "Level 3",
        "SAE charging levels"
      ],
      "section": "topic-infrastructure",
      "definition": "The North American shorthand for charging power: Level 1 is a 120 V household outlet, Level 2 a 240 V AC charger up to about 19 kW, and “Level 3” the informal name for DC fast charging. It maps roughly onto the IEC modes used elsewhere.",
      "related": [
        "charging-modes",
        "slow-charging",
        "dc-fast-charging",
        "sae-j1772"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charging-levels/",
      "mentions": [
        "fast-charging",
        "charger"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4506",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4507",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "term:charging-modes",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4508",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "term:slow-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4509",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "term:dc-fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4510",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "term:sae-j1772",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/charging-levels/fast-charging",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/charging-levels/charger",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4513",
      "source": "term:charging-levels",
      "target": "reference:afdc-charging",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging infrastructure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-infrastructure",
        "name": "Charging infrastructure",
        "lede": "Where and how vehicles are charged: charging strategies, power levels, connectors and the protocols between vehicle and charger.",
        "context": "Separate compatibility from requested average power.",
        "example": "A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charging-modes",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charging modes 1–4",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charging-modes",
        "name": "Charging modes 1–4",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 61851",
          "Mode 3",
          "Mode 4"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "The IEC 61851 classes of conductive charging: mode 1 a plain domestic socket, mode 2 a socket with an in-cable control box, mode 3 a dedicated AC charging point with the control pilot, and mode 4 DC charging where the converter is in the station. Most public charging is mode 3 or 4.",
        "related": [
          "slow-charging",
          "control-pilot",
          "sae-j1772",
          "evse",
          "charging-levels",
          "iec-62752"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charging-modes/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:slow-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "AC slow charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "slow-charging",
        "name": "AC slow charging",
        "aka": [
          "overnight charging",
          "destination charging",
          "Level 2"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging through the vehicle’s onboard charger from an AC socket or wallbox, at a few kilowatts up to 22 kW. It takes hours, keeps the cells cool and gently loaded, and is how most private cars are charged.",
        "related": [
          "onboard-charger",
          "charging-modes",
          "depot-charging",
          "sae-j1772"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/slow-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "evse"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dc-fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "DC fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dc-fast-charging",
        "name": "DC fast charging",
        "abbr": "DCFC",
        "aka": [
          "rapid charging",
          "HPC"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging from a station that supplies DC straight to the pack, bypassing the car’s onboard charger, at 50 kW to over 350 kW. The BMS, not the charger, sets the current from moment to moment, which is why the charge curve tapers as the pack fills.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "onboard-charger",
          "pack-voltage",
          "preconditioning",
          "charging-curve",
          "evse"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dc-fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sae-j1772",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "SAE J1772 and IEC 62196",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sae-j1772",
        "name": "SAE J1772 and IEC 62196",
        "aka": [
          "Type 1",
          "Type 2",
          "CCS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "The standards that define charging connectors: J1772 Type 1 and the IEC 62196 Type 2 plug for AC, and the Combined Charging System that adds two DC pins below them. Europe mandates Type 2 and CCS2; North America is moving to the NACS connector.",
        "related": [
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "onboard-charger",
          "iso-15118",
          "control-pilot",
          "nacs",
          "chademo"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sae-j1772/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fast-charging",
        "name": "Fast charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "c-rate",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "thermal-management",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:afdc-charging",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center",
        "url": "https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations",
        "type": "Technical explainer",
        "scope": "U.S. charging equipment levels, charging infrastructure and connector context. Regional terminology varies.",
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}