{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:charge-termination",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Charge termination",
    "properties": {
      "id": "charge-termination",
      "name": "Charge termination",
      "aka": [
        "end-of-charge detection",
        "full-charge detection"
      ],
      "section": "topic-charging",
      "definition": "How a charger decides that a battery is full. Lithium-ion chargers end the constant-voltage stage when current falls to the taper current; nickel chargers watch for a small voltage drop or a fast temperature rise; lead–acid chargers drop to a float voltage. A safety timer and a temperature limit back up every method.",
      "related": [
        "taper-current",
        "negative-delta-v",
        "dt-dt-termination",
        "cc-cv-charging",
        "trickle-charge"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charge-termination/",
      "mentions": [
        "charger"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:charge-termination/topic:topic-charging",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-termination/term:taper-current",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "term:taper-current",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-termination/term:negative-delta-v",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "term:negative-delta-v",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-termination/term:dt-dt-termination",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "term:dt-dt-termination",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-termination/term:cc-cv-charging",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:charge-termination/term:trickle-charge",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "term:trickle-charge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/charge-termination/charger",
      "source": "term:charge-termination",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging and discharging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-charging",
        "name": "Charging and discharging",
        "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
        "context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
        "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:taper-current",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Taper current",
      "properties": {
        "id": "taper-current",
        "name": "Taper current",
        "aka": [
          "termination current",
          "cutoff current"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The current at which a constant-voltage charge stage is declared finished, often C/20 or C/50. A higher taper current ends the charge sooner and leaves the cell slightly less than full.",
        "unit": "A",
        "related": [
          "constant-voltage",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "state-of-charge",
          "taper-charging",
          "charge-termination"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/taper-current/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:negative-delta-v",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Negative delta V",
      "properties": {
        "id": "negative-delta-v",
        "name": "Negative delta V",
        "abbr": "−ΔV",
        "aka": [
          "-dV",
          "-dV/dt",
          "NDV",
          "minus delta V",
          "zero delta V",
          "peak voltage detection"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The small fall in a nickel cell’s voltage just after full charge, as overcharge heats it, used to end a fast charge. NiCd shows about 10–30 mV per cell, NiMH only around 5–10 mV and barely any below 0.5C, so NiMH chargers often stop at the voltage peak or plateau instead and back it up with dT/dt.",
        "related": [
          "charge-termination",
          "dt-dt-termination",
          "nickel-cadmium",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/negative-delta-v/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dt-dt-termination",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "dT/dt termination",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dt-dt-termination",
        "name": "dT/dt termination",
        "aka": [
          "ΔT/Δt termination",
          "temperature-rise termination",
          "rate-of-temperature-rise termination"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Ending a nickel-cell fast charge when the temperature climbs faster than a set rate, typically about 1 °C per minute, because once the cell is full the charge no longer stored chemically turns into heat. It needs a thermistor against the cells and a charge rate of roughly 0.5C or more to produce a clear rise.",
        "related": [
          "charge-termination",
          "negative-delta-v",
          "temperature-sensor",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "oxygen-recombination"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dt-dt-termination/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CC-CV charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cc-cv-charging",
        "name": "CC-CV charging",
        "aka": [
          "constant current constant voltage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The standard lithium-ion charge protocol: constant current until the cell reaches its upper cutoff voltage, then that voltage held constant while the current tapers. The charge ends when the current falls to a set fraction, often C/20.",
        "related": [
          "constant-current",
          "constant-voltage",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "taper-current",
          "fast-charging",
          "cp-cv"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow a two-stage charge",
          "text": "For an illustrative 5 Ah cell, a 2.5 A current request is 0.5C. During CC the voltage rises. At the selected upper voltage, CV regulation holds voltage while current tapers. Completion requires the taper current to fall below the selected cutoff for the configured dwell."
        },
        "notes": [
          "Choose voltage, current and temperature limits from the actual cell specification. These example values do not define a charging recipe."
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cc-cv-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:trickle-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Trickle and float charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "trickle-charge",
        "name": "Trickle and float charging",
        "aka": [
          "float charge",
          "float charging",
          "trickle charge"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Holding a battery at a small current, or a fixed voltage, to keep it full. It is standard for lead–acid and NiMH but harmful for lithium-ion, which should be left to rest once charged; lithium-ion chargers instead top up when the voltage sags.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "overcharge",
          "calendar-aging",
          "slow-charging",
          "oxygen-recombination"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/trickle-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "nickel-metal-hydride"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}