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      "definition": "The organic liquids that dissolve the lithium salt: cyclic ethylene carbonate, which forms a stable SEI, blended with linear carbonates such as DMC or EMC to lower viscosity. All are flammable, which is a root of lithium-ion fire risk.",
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        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:lithium-salt",
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      "label": "Lithium salt",
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        "definition": "The dissolved salt that supplies the mobile lithium ions in a liquid electrolyte, almost always lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF₆, at about one mole per litre. It reacts with traces of water to form hydrofluoric acid, which is why cells are filled in a dry room.",
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        "definition": "A film of electrolyte reaction products on the negative-electrode particles — graphite, and also silicon or lithium metal. It protects the electrode from further reaction but grows slowly for the whole life of the cell, consuming cyclable lithium.",
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      "id": "term:flammability",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Flammability",
      "properties": {
        "id": "flammability",
        "name": "Flammability",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The property that makes lithium-ion fires hard to fight: the carbonate solvents have flash points near room temperature, and the positive electrode releases its own oxygen when hot, so the fire does not need air. Solid and non-flammable electrolytes aim to remove this.",
        "related": [
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "solid-state-battery",
          "fire-suppression"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/flammability/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:ec",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ethylene carbonate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ec",
        "name": "Ethylene carbonate",
        "abbr": "EC",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The cyclic carbonate solvent that every graphite cell needs: it is reduced on the first charge into the stable SEI that lets graphite work at all. It is solid at room temperature, so it is always blended with linear carbonates.",
        "related": [
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "sei",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ec/",
        "mentions": [
          "graphite"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dmc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dimethyl carbonate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dmc",
        "name": "Dimethyl carbonate",
        "abbr": "DMC",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A linear carbonate solvent, thin and volatile, blended with EC to cut viscosity and raise ionic conductivity. Its low boiling point, about 90 °C, is part of why cell electrolytes are flammable.",
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          "carbonate-solvent",
          "ec",
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        "mentions": [
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:emc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ethyl methyl carbonate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "emc",
        "name": "Ethyl methyl carbonate",
        "abbr": "EMC",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A linear carbonate solvent, the most common co-solvent in commercial electrolytes, balancing viscosity, boiling point and low-temperature performance between DMC and DEC.",
        "related": [
          "carbonate-solvent",
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        "mentions": []
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    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 1B · Cell architecture",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:xu-electrolytes",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond",
        "publisher": "Chemical Reviews",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/cr500003w",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrolyte salts, solvents, additives and electrode interphases.",
        "year": 2014,
        "authors": [
          "Kang Xu"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}