{
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    "id": "term:carbon-nanotube",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Carbon nanotubes",
    "properties": {
      "id": "carbon-nanotube",
      "name": "Carbon nanotubes",
      "abbr": "CNT",
      "section": "topic-components",
      "definition": "Tubular carbon a few nanometres across, added at a fraction of a percent as a conductive additive. Their length lets them bridge particles that carbon black cannot, so less additive is needed and energy density rises.",
      "related": [
        "conductive-additive",
        "electronic-conductivity",
        "silicon-anode"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/carbon-nanotube/",
      "mentions": [
        "energy-density"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:3467",
      "source": "term:carbon-nanotube",
      "target": "topic:topic-components",
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    {
      "id": "edge:3468",
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      "target": "term:conductive-additive",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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      "id": "edge:3470",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:mentions/carbon-nanotube/energy-density",
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        "field": "definition",
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    {
      "id": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Cell components and electrode materials",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-components",
        "name": "Cell components and electrode materials",
        "lede": "What a cell is physically made of — active materials, binders, additives, foils and tabs — and how its electrodes are put together.",
        "context": "Connect each material with its function.",
        "example": "Electrons travel through additive, foil and tab; ions use electrolyte and separator pathways.",
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      "id": "term:conductive-additive",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Conductive additive",
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        "id": "conductive-additive",
        "name": "Conductive additive",
        "aka": [
          "carbon black",
          "conductive carbon"
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        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Fine carbon, such as carbon black or carbon nanotubes, added in small amounts to an electrode so that electrons can reach every active particle. Many active materials conduct electrons poorly on their own.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "binder",
          "electronic-conductivity",
          "slurry"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
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          "title": "Distribution matters",
          "text": "Two coatings with the same additive mass can have different electronic connectivity if the additive is distributed differently."
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/conductive-additive/",
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          "carbon-nanotube"
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      "id": "term:electronic-conductivity",
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        "definition": "How readily a material conducts electrons. Current collectors and carbon additives supply it in an electrode because most active materials, LFP above all, conduct electrons poorly; a good electrolyte should have none, or it would self-discharge the cell.",
        "related": [
          "conductive-additive",
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          "ionic-conductivity",
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      "id": "term:silicon-anode",
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        "name": "Silicon anode",
        "aka": [
          "silicon-graphite",
          "SiOx"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A negative electrode that uses silicon, which alloys with lithium and stores roughly ten times more charge per gram than graphite but swells by up to 300 %. Today it is blended into graphite at a few percent to limit the swelling.",
        "related": [
          "graphite",
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          "swelling",
          "self-healing-binder"
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        "example": {
          "title": "Read the mixture basis",
          "text": "A silicon-containing electrode may be a blend rather than pure silicon. A silicon percentage needs a clear mass basis."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/silicon-anode/",
        "mentions": [
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          "negative-electrode"
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      "id": "term:energy-density",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy density",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-density",
        "name": "Energy density",
        "aka": [
          "volumetric energy density"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Stored energy per unit volume, in watt-hours per litre. It is the figure that matters when space is the constraint, as in a phone or under a car floor; high-energy cylindrical cells pass 700 Wh/L.",
        "unit": "Wh/L",
        "related": [
          "specific-energy",
          "nominal-energy",
          "ragone-plot",
          "areal-loading"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-density/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}
