{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:calcination",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Calcination",
    "properties": {
      "id": "calcination",
      "name": "Calcination",
      "aka": [
        "lithiation",
        "sintering of CAM"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "Firing the precursor with a lithium source — lithium carbonate or, for high-nickel materials, lithium hydroxide — at 700–900 °C in kilns to form the layered oxide. Atmosphere and temperature profile control the crystal quality.",
      "related": [
        "precursor",
        "cathode-active-material",
        "lithium-hydroxide",
        "lithium-carbonate"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/calcination/",
      "mentions": [
        "layered-oxide"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:2546",
      "source": "term:calcination",
      "target": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2547",
      "source": "term:calcination",
      "target": "term:precursor",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2548",
      "source": "term:calcination",
      "target": "term:cathode-active-material",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2549",
      "source": "term:calcination",
      "target": "term:lithium-hydroxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2550",
      "source": "term:calcination",
      "target": "term:lithium-carbonate",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/calcination/layered-oxide",
      "source": "term:calcination",
      "target": "term:layered-oxide",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:precursor",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Precursor cathode active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "precursor",
        "name": "Precursor cathode active material",
        "abbr": "pCAM",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The mixed nickel–manganese–cobalt hydroxide made by co-precipitation from metal sulfate solutions, before lithium is added. Its particle size and shape are set here and carried through to the finished NMC powder.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "calcination",
          "nmc",
          "nickel-sulfate"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/precursor/",
        "mentions": [
          "particle-size",
          "cobalt",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cathode-active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cathode active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cathode-active-material",
        "name": "Cathode active material",
        "abbr": "CAM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The lithium-containing compound in the positive electrode — NMC, NCA, LFP or LCO powder — that supplies the cell’s cyclable lithium. It is the most expensive material in most cells and sets the nominal voltage and much of the energy density.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "nmc",
          "lfp",
          "precursor",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cathode-active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "energy-density"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-hydroxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium hydroxide",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-hydroxide",
        "name": "Lithium hydroxide",
        "abbr": "LiOH",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The lithium chemical required for high-nickel cathodes, which must be fired at temperatures too low for lithium carbonate to react. It is made from spodumene directly or by converting carbonate.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-carbonate",
          "high-nickel",
          "calcination",
          "spodumene"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-hydroxide/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-carbonate",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium carbonate",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-carbonate",
        "name": "Lithium carbonate",
        "abbr": "Li₂CO₃",
        "aka": [
          "LCE",
          "lithium carbonate equivalent"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The commodity form in which most lithium is traded and the lithium source for LFP and mid-nickel cathodes. Lithium carbonate equivalent, LCE, is the unit the industry uses to count lithium supply whatever its chemical form.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-hydroxide",
          "brine",
          "spodumene",
          "calcination",
          "lithium"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-carbonate/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:layered-oxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Layered oxide",
      "properties": {
        "id": "layered-oxide",
        "name": "Layered oxide",
        "abbr": "LTMO",
        "aka": [
          "layered transition-metal oxide",
          "α-NaFeO₂ structure",
          "O3 structure",
          "P2 structure"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "The crystal structure of LCO, NMC and NCA: close-packed oxygen layers with lithium and transition-metal ions in alternate layers of octahedral sites, so lithium moves in two-dimensional sheets. The structure offers high capacity and voltage but can distort or mix cations when deeply delithiated. Sodium versions are labelled O3 or P2 by their stacking.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "lco",
          "nca",
          "structural-degradation",
          "spinel-structure",
          "sodium-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/layered-oxide/",
        "mentions": [
          "stacking"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}