{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Bolted busbar joint",
    "properties": {
      "id": "bolted-busbar-joint",
      "name": "Bolted busbar joint",
      "aka": [
        "bolted joint",
        "screwed busbar connection"
      ],
      "section": "topic-pack",
      "definition": "A busbar connection clamped by a bolt or stud rather than welded, so it can be undone for service. Its resistance depends on keeping the clamping force, which aluminium creep and thermal cycling relax, so designs use conical spring washers, a specified torque and torque marking. A loose joint heats up and is a classic cause of pack hot spots.",
      "related": [
        "busbar",
        "contact-resistance",
        "terminal",
        "remanufacturing",
        "laser-welding"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bolted-busbar-joint/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4974",
      "source": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
      "target": "topic:topic-pack",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4975",
      "source": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
      "target": "term:busbar",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4976",
      "source": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
      "target": "term:contact-resistance",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4977",
      "source": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
      "target": "term:terminal",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4978",
      "source": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
      "target": "term:remanufacturing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4979",
      "source": "term:bolted-busbar-joint",
      "target": "term:laser-welding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-pack",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Modules, packs and battery management",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-pack",
        "name": "Modules, packs and battery management",
        "lede": "From a single cell to a working battery system, and the electronics that keep it safe.",
        "context": "Make series/parallel architecture explicit.",
        "example": "Twelve 3.6 V, 5 Ah cells in 6s2p give 21.6 V, 10 Ah and 216 Wh nominally before other restrictions.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:busbar",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Busbar",
      "properties": {
        "id": "busbar",
        "name": "Busbar",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "terminal",
          "laser-welding",
          "internal-resistance",
          "wire-bonding"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/busbar/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:contact-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrical contact resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "contact-resistance",
        "name": "Electrical contact resistance",
        "aka": [
          "contact resistance",
          "joint resistance",
          "constriction resistance"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The extra resistance where two conductors touch, because current passes only through microscopic contact spots and any oxide film on them. It falls with contact force and good plating and rises with corrosion and fretting. At 300 A a joint of 50 µΩ dissipates 4.5 W, enough to overheat a poorly cooled connection.",
        "formula": "P = I²·R_contact",
        "unit": "Ω",
        "related": [
          "bolted-busbar-joint",
          "busbar",
          "internal-resistance",
          "ohms-law",
          "kelvin-sensing"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Find heating at a joint",
          "text": "An illustrative 0.5 mΩ joint carrying 100 A dissipates 5 W. Even a small contact resistance matters at high current; its actual temperature rise depends on the local thermal path."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/contact-resistance/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:terminal",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Terminal",
      "properties": {
        "id": "terminal",
        "name": "Terminal",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The external conductor through which current enters and leaves the cell: the can and cap of a cylindrical cell, two posts on a prismatic cell, or the sealed foil tabs of a pouch cell.",
        "related": [
          "tab",
          "busbar",
          "voltage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/terminal/",
        "mentions": [
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "prismatic-cell",
          "pouch-cell"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:remanufacturing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Remanufacturing and repair",
      "properties": {
        "id": "remanufacturing",
        "name": "Remanufacturing and repair",
        "aka": [
          "refurbishment",
          "module replacement"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Restoring a pack to its original duty by replacing failed or weak modules, cells, electronics or seals, then retesting it. It keeps the most value of any end-of-life route, and depends on packs that can be opened and on cells that can be matched.",
        "related": [
          "battery-triage",
          "second-life",
          "design-for-recycling",
          "grading"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/remanufacturing/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:laser-welding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Laser welding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "laser-welding",
        "name": "Laser welding",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Joining metal with a focused laser beam, used to seal cans, attach caps and connect busbars to cell terminals. It is fast and precise but sensitive to gaps and reflectivity, so copper joints need special wavelengths or beam shaping.",
        "related": [
          "ultrasonic-welding",
          "tab-welding",
          "busbar",
          "can"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/laser-welding/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}