{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:behind-the-meter",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter",
    "properties": {
      "id": "behind-the-meter",
      "name": "Behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter",
      "abbr": "BTM, FTM",
      "aka": [
        "behind the meter",
        "front of the meter",
        "utility-scale storage"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "Where a storage system sits relative to the customer’s electricity meter. Behind-the-meter batteries in homes, shops and factories serve the site first — solar self-consumption, backup, cutting demand charges; front-of-the-meter systems connect directly to the grid and earn from wholesale trading and grid services at utility scale.",
      "related": [
        "stationary-storage",
        "energy-arbitrage",
        "frequency-regulation",
        "virtual-power-plant",
        "microgrid"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/behind-the-meter/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6822",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6823",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6824",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6825",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "term:frequency-regulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6826",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "term:virtual-power-plant",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6827",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "term:microgrid",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6828",
      "source": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "target": "reference:doe-storage",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-arbitrage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy arbitrage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-arbitrage",
        "name": "Energy arbitrage",
        "aka": [
          "peak shaving",
          "load shifting"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Charging a battery when electricity is cheap and discharging when it is expensive, the simplest revenue of grid storage. Peak shaving is the same idea applied to a site’s demand charges.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-management-system",
          "frequency-regulation",
          "levelized-cost-of-storage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-arbitrage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:frequency-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Frequency regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "frequency-regulation",
        "name": "Frequency regulation",
        "aka": [
          "ancillary services",
          "frequency response"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Rapidly injecting or absorbing power to hold the grid frequency at 50 or 60 Hz, a service batteries do better than any generator because they respond in milliseconds. It cycles the battery shallowly but very often.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "specific-power",
          "equivalent-full-cycle",
          "rate-of-change-of-frequency"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/frequency-regulation/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:virtual-power-plant",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Virtual power plant",
      "properties": {
        "id": "virtual-power-plant",
        "name": "Virtual power plant",
        "abbr": "VPP",
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Many small, distributed resources — home batteries, electric vehicles, rooftop solar, heat pumps — aggregated by software and dispatched together as if they were one power station. A few thousand home batteries add up to tens of megawatts of fast, controllable capacity that can trade energy and provide frequency services.",
        "related": [
          "demand-response",
          "stationary-storage",
          "behind-the-meter",
          "frequency-regulation",
          "ferc-order-2222",
          "vehicle-to-grid"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/virtual-power-plant/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:microgrid",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Microgrid",
      "properties": {
        "id": "microgrid",
        "name": "Microgrid",
        "aka": [
          "mini-grid"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A local network of loads, generators and storage — a campus, an island, a military base — that can run connected to the main grid or on its own. The battery is usually what makes islanded operation possible, forming the voltage and frequency and covering the gap while generators start or solar output dips.",
        "related": [
          "islanding",
          "stationary-storage",
          "inverter",
          "energy-management-system",
          "behind-the-meter"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/microgrid/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:doe-storage",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA",
      "properties": {
        "title": "DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA",
        "publisher": "Sandia National Laboratories",
        "url": "https://www.sandia.gov/ess/publications/eshb/doe-epri-nreca",
        "type": "Technical handbook",
        "scope": "Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.",
        "year": 2013,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}