{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:battery-swapping",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Battery swapping",
    "properties": {
      "id": "battery-swapping",
      "name": "Battery swapping",
      "section": "topic-infrastructure",
      "definition": "Replacing a vehicle’s depleted battery with a charged one at a station in a few minutes, so the battery is charged slowly and separately. It is used for taxis, two-wheelers and some trucks; it requires standardised packs and turns the battery into a shared, leased asset.",
      "related": [
        "fast-charging",
        "micromobility",
        "second-life",
        "battery-passport",
        "iec-62840-2",
        "battery-as-a-service"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-swapping/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4488",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4489",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4490",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4491",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "term:second-life",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4492",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "term:battery-passport",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4493",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "term:iec-62840-2",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4494",
      "source": "term:battery-swapping",
      "target": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging infrastructure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-infrastructure",
        "name": "Charging infrastructure",
        "lede": "Where and how vehicles are charged: charging strategies, power levels, connectors and the protocols between vehicle and charger.",
        "context": "Separate compatibility from requested average power.",
        "example": "A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fast-charging",
        "name": "Fast charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "c-rate",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "thermal-management",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Micromobility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "micromobility",
        "name": "Micromobility",
        "aka": [
          "light electric vehicle",
          "LEV",
          "e-bike"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "E-bikes, e-scooters and small motorcycles with packs of 0.3–3 kWh built from cylindrical cells. Their packs are cheap and often charged indoors, which is why they feature disproportionately in fire statistics.",
        "related": [
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "protection-circuit",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "un-r136",
          "en-50604",
          "battery-swapping"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/micromobility/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:second-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Second life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "second-life",
        "name": "Second life",
        "aka": [
          "repurposing"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Using vehicle packs that have reached their automotive end of life, with 70–80 % capacity left, in less demanding stationary storage before recycling. Grading the used cells and the liability for them are the practical obstacles.",
        "related": [
          "end-of-life",
          "stationary-storage",
          "state-of-health",
          "recycling",
          "battery-passport",
          "battery-triage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/second-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-passport",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery passport",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-passport",
        "name": "Battery passport",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "A digital record for each electric-vehicle and industrial battery, required in the EU from 2027, holding its composition, carbon footprint, due-diligence data, state of health and repair history, accessible by QR code.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "traceability",
          "carbon-footprint",
          "state-of-health",
          "recycled-content",
          "battery-pack-aadhaar-number"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-passport/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62840-2",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62840-2",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62840-2",
        "name": "IEC 62840-2",
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The IEC safety standard for battery swap stations — systems that exchange an electric vehicle’s swappable battery — whether fed from the grid or from on-site buffer batteries, at up to 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. It is read with part 1, the general system description; a second edition appeared in 2025.",
        "related": [
          "battery-swapping",
          "evse",
          "electric-vehicle",
          "charging-modes"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62840-2/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery as a service",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-as-a-service",
        "name": "Battery as a service",
        "abbr": "BaaS",
        "aka": [
          "battery leasing",
          "battery subscription"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A business model in which the buyer of an electric vehicle pays for the car without its battery and rents the battery by subscription, lowering the purchase price and moving degradation risk to the provider. Renault leased the batteries of its early electric cars; NIO’s scheme, launched in 2020, pairs the model with battery swapping.",
        "related": [
          "battery-swapping",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "warranty",
          "electric-vehicle",
          "state-of-health"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-as-a-service/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}