{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:battery-as-a-service",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Battery as a service",
    "properties": {
      "id": "battery-as-a-service",
      "name": "Battery as a service",
      "abbr": "BaaS",
      "aka": [
        "battery leasing",
        "battery subscription"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "A business model in which the buyer of an electric vehicle pays for the car without its battery and rents the battery by subscription, lowering the purchase price and moving degradation risk to the provider. Renault leased the batteries of its early electric cars; NIO’s scheme, launched in 2020, pairs the model with battery swapping.",
      "related": [
        "battery-swapping",
        "total-cost-of-ownership",
        "warranty",
        "electric-vehicle",
        "state-of-health"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-as-a-service/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6810",
      "source": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6811",
      "source": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "target": "term:battery-swapping",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6812",
      "source": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "target": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6813",
      "source": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "target": "term:warranty",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6814",
      "source": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "target": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6815",
      "source": "term:battery-as-a-service",
      "target": "term:state-of-health",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-swapping",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery swapping",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-swapping",
        "name": "Battery swapping",
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Replacing a vehicle’s depleted battery with a charged one at a station in a few minutes, so the battery is charged slowly and separately. It is used for taxis, two-wheelers and some trucks; it requires standardised packs and turns the battery into a shared, leased asset.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "micromobility",
          "second-life",
          "battery-passport",
          "iec-62840-2",
          "battery-as-a-service"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-swapping/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:total-cost-of-ownership",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Total cost of ownership",
      "properties": {
        "id": "total-cost-of-ownership",
        "name": "Total cost of ownership",
        "abbr": "TCO",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Purchase price plus energy, maintenance and residual value over a vehicle’s or system’s life. For buses and trucks it is the figure that decides the case for batteries, because fuel and maintenance savings repay the higher purchase price.",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "levelized-cost-of-storage",
          "second-life",
          "electric-bus"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/total-cost-of-ownership/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:warranty",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery warranty",
      "properties": {
        "id": "warranty",
        "name": "Battery warranty",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The manufacturer’s guarantee of capacity retention over time, for electric cars typically 70 % after 8 years or 160 000 km. It is written against state of health as the BMS reports it, which makes the SOH algorithm a contractual matter.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-health",
          "end-of-life",
          "calendar-life",
          "cycle-life",
          "throughput-limiting"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/warranty/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms",
          "state-of-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric vehicle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-vehicle",
        "name": "Electric vehicle",
        "abbr": "EV",
        "aka": [
          "BEV",
          "battery electric vehicle"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "range",
          "pack",
          "regenerative-braking",
          "maritime-battery",
          "industrial-vehicle-battery"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-vehicle/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:state-of-health",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "State of health",
      "properties": {
        "id": "state-of-health",
        "name": "State of health",
        "abbr": "SOH",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "A summary of how far a cell has aged, often expressed through remaining capacity or increased resistance compared with when it was new. By convention a cell has reached end of life at 80 % of its rated capacity.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "capacity-fade",
          "impedance-rise",
          "end-of-life",
          "remaining-useful-life",
          "state-of-charge",
          "state-of-certified-energy"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-health/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-capacity"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}