{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:ansi-c18",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "ANSI C18",
    "properties": {
      "id": "ansi-c18",
      "name": "ANSI C18",
      "aka": [
        "ANSI C18.1M",
        "ANSI C18.2M",
        "ANSI C18.3M",
        "ANSI C18.4M",
        "ANSI/NEMA C18"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
      "definition": "The American National Standards for portable cells and batteries, maintained by NEMA: C18.1M for aqueous primaries, C18.2M for rechargeables and C18.3M for lithium primaries, each with a part 1 for sizes and specifications and a part 2 for safety, plus C18.4M for environmental aspects. They are the US counterparts of IEC 60086 and IEC 62133.",
      "related": [
        "iec-60086",
        "iec-62133",
        "primary-cell",
        "underwriters-laboratories"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ansi-c18/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:ansi-c18/topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "source": "term:ansi-c18",
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      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
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      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:ansi-c18/term:iec-60086",
      "source": "term:ansi-c18",
      "target": "term:iec-60086",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
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    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:ansi-c18/term:iec-62133",
      "source": "term:ansi-c18",
      "target": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:ansi-c18/term:primary-cell",
      "source": "term:ansi-c18",
      "target": "term:primary-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:ansi-c18/term:underwriters-laboratories",
      "source": "term:ansi-c18",
      "target": "term:underwriters-laboratories",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "name": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
        "context": "Match scope to product and installation.",
        "example": "A cell-level test does not establish fire performance or commissioning requirements for a complete installation.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-60086",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 60086",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-60086",
        "name": "IEC 60086",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 60086-1",
          "IEC 60086-2",
          "IEC 60086-4",
          "EN 60086"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The IEC series for primary batteries. Part 1 sets the electrochemical system letters, designations and test conditions; part 2, split in 2026 into parts 2-1 and 2-2, the dimensions and performance of each standard size; part 3 watch batteries; part 4 the safety of lithium primaries; part 5 the safety of aqueous ones. Medical and equipment standards cite part 4.",
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          "iec-battery-designation",
          "primary-cell",
          "iec-60601-1",
          "ansi-c18",
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-60086/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62133",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62133",
        "name": "IEC 62133",
        "aka": [
          "IEC 62133-1",
          "IEC 62133-2",
          "EN 62133",
          "UL 62133"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The safety standard for portable sealed cells and batteries, part 2 covering lithium systems. Passing it is a basic requirement for consumer products, and it is often the first safety certification a new cell obtains.",
        "related": [
          "ul-1642",
          "transport-regulations",
          "consumer-electronics",
          "iec-62619",
          "iec-61960-3",
          "cb-scheme"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62133/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:primary-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Primary cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "primary-cell",
        "name": "Primary cell",
        "aka": [
          "non-rechargeable battery",
          "primary battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell designed to be discharged once and not recharged, such as an alkaline or lithium–manganese dioxide cell. Its reaction is not reversible in practice, unlike the secondary cells this glossary is mostly about.",
        "related": [
          "secondary-cell",
          "lithium-ion",
          "iec-60086-5",
          "lithium-iron-disulfide",
          "iec-60086"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/primary-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:underwriters-laboratories",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UL",
      "properties": {
        "id": "underwriters-laboratories",
        "name": "UL",
        "aka": [
          "Underwriters Laboratories",
          "UL Solutions",
          "UL Standards & Engagement"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The US safety-science organisation, founded in 1894 as Underwriters Laboratories, whose numbered standards — UL 1642, UL 2580, UL 9540, UL 9540A and others — define much of North American battery safety. Since 2022 it has operated as UL Standards & Engagement, which writes the standards, the commercial UL Solutions, which tests and certifies to them, and UL Research Institutes.",
        "related": [
          "ul-1642",
          "ul-2580",
          "ul-9540",
          "ul-9540a",
          "ul-1973",
          "iec"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/underwriters-laboratories/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}