{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:ammonium-ion",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Ammonium-ion battery",
    "properties": {
      "id": "ammonium-ion",
      "name": "Ammonium-ion battery",
      "aka": [
        "NH₄⁺ battery",
        "aqueous ammonium-ion battery"
      ],
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "An aqueous battery whose charge carrier is the ammonium ion, NH₄⁺, a light, non-metallic cation that hops through host lattices by forming and breaking hydrogen bonds. Hosts include Prussian blue analogues, molybdenum and vanadium oxides and organic polyimides. It is cheap and non-flammable but still at the research stage, held back by low voltage.",
      "related": [
        "aqueous-battery",
        "prussian-blue-analogue",
        "organic-electrode-material",
        "aqueous-zinc-ion"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ammonium-ion/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5848",
      "source": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5849",
      "source": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "target": "term:aqueous-battery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5850",
      "source": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "target": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5851",
      "source": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "target": "term:organic-electrode-material",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5852",
      "source": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "target": "term:aqueous-zinc-ion",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:aqueous-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Aqueous battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "aqueous-battery",
        "name": "Aqueous battery",
        "aka": [
          "water-based battery",
          "aqueous electrolyte battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "Any battery whose electrolyte is water-based, from lead–acid and nickel–metal hydride to aqueous zinc-ion and sodium-ion designs. Water is cheap, non-flammable and highly conductive, but it splits at 1.23 V in theory and around 2 V in practice, which caps cell voltage and energy density.",
        "related": [
          "lead-acid",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "aqueous-zinc-ion",
          "electrochemical-stability-window",
          "high-concentration-electrolyte",
          "flammability"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/aqueous-battery/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "energy-density",
          "cell-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Prussian blue analogue",
      "properties": {
        "id": "prussian-blue-analogue",
        "name": "Prussian blue analogue",
        "abbr": "PBA",
        "aka": [
          "Prussian white",
          "hexacyanoferrate"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "An open-framework compound, AₓM[Fe(CN)₆], in which iron–cyanide units and another metal form a cubic cage with wide channels for large ions. Made at low temperature from cheap elements, its sodium-rich form, Prussian white, is a leading sodium-ion cathode. Water trapped in the lattice degrades cells, and the cyanide groups raise questions in thermal runaway.",
        "related": [
          "sodium-ion",
          "potassium-ion",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "moisture-content",
          "ammonium-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/prussian-blue-analogue/",
        "mentions": [
          "cathode",
          "thermal-runaway"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:organic-electrode-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Organic electrode material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "organic-electrode-material",
        "name": "Organic electrode material",
        "aka": [
          "organic cathode",
          "organic battery",
          "redox-active polymer"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "An active material made of carbon-based molecules or polymers, such as quinones, imides or nitroxide radicals, that store charge by reversible redox of their functional groups. They need no mined metals, work with lithium, sodium, potassium and zinc ions alike, and can be tuned by chemistry; dissolution in the electrolyte, low density and poor conductivity are the obstacles.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "sodium-ion",
          "redox-reaction",
          "prussian-blue-analogue",
          "polyanionic-cathode"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/organic-electrode-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:aqueous-zinc-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Aqueous zinc-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "aqueous-zinc-ion",
        "name": "Aqueous zinc-ion battery",
        "abbr": "AZIB",
        "aka": [
          "zinc-ion battery",
          "Zn-ion",
          "ZIB"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A rechargeable cell with a zinc-metal negative and mildly acidic zinc sulfate electrolyte, in which Zn²⁺ ions and protons insert into a manganese oxide or vanadium oxide positive. It is cheap, non-flammable and runs at about 1.3–1.5 V, aimed at stationary storage; dendrites, hydrogen evolution and dissolution of the positive limit cycle life.",
        "related": [
          "aqueous-battery",
          "alkaline-cell",
          "dendrite",
          "stationary-storage",
          "nickel-zinc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/aqueous-zinc-ion/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "cycle-life",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}