{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:aluminium-foil",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Aluminium foil",
    "properties": {
      "id": "aluminium-foil",
      "name": "Aluminium foil",
      "section": "topic-components",
      "definition": "The positive current collector, typically 10–15 µm thick. A thin passive film keeps it stable at the high potential of the positive electrode, where copper would corrode.",
      "related": [
        "current-collector",
        "copper-foil",
        "passivation"
      ],
      "example": {
        "title": "Keep normalization consistent",
        "text": "Active-material capacity can remain unchanged while a heavier foil lowers a finished electrode’s capacity per unit total mass."
      },
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/aluminium-foil/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "positive-electrode"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:462",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:463",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "term:current-collector",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:464",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "term:copper-foil",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:465",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "term:passivation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/aluminium-foil/electrode",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/aluminium-foil/positive-electrode",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:468",
      "source": "term:aluminium-foil",
      "target": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Cell components and electrode materials",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-components",
        "name": "Cell components and electrode materials",
        "lede": "What a cell is physically made of — active materials, binders, additives, foils and tabs — and how its electrodes are put together.",
        "context": "Connect each material with its function.",
        "example": "Electrons travel through additive, foil and tab; ions use electrolyte and separator pathways.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:current-collector",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Current collector",
      "properties": {
        "id": "current-collector",
        "name": "Current collector",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The thin metal foil that carries electrons between an electrode and the external circuit — usually copper on the negative side and aluminium on the positive side.",
        "related": [
          "copper-foil",
          "aluminium-foil",
          "tab",
          "electronic-path"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow current to a tab",
          "text": "Current converges through foil toward the tab. The collector contributes mass and resistance without being the principal active material."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/current-collector/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:copper-foil",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Copper foil",
      "properties": {
        "id": "copper-foil",
        "name": "Copper foil",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The negative current collector, typically 6–10 µm thick. Copper is used because it is stable at the low potential of a graphite electrode, where aluminium would alloy with lithium.",
        "related": [
          "current-collector",
          "aluminium-foil",
          "over-discharge",
          "copper-dissolution"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Count collector mass",
          "text": "At equal area and density, doubling foil thickness doubles foil mass. Active-material-only capacity omits that mass change."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/copper-foil/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:passivation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Passivation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "passivation",
        "name": "Passivation",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "The formation of a surface film that slows further reaction. In lithium-ion cells, the SEI passivates the graphite negative electrode.",
        "related": [
          "sei",
          "aluminium-foil",
          "formation"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#sei",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/passivation/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "graphite"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Positive electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "positive-electrode",
        "name": "Positive electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the higher potential: a lithium metal oxide or phosphate coated on aluminium foil. It is the lithium source when a cell is built, and industry calls it the cathode.",
        "related": [
          "cathode",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "negative-electrode",
          "aluminium-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Polarity and reaction",
          "text": "The positive electrode retains its polarity label while its electrochemical reaction reverses between charge and discharge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/positive-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}