{ "node": { "id": "term:adaptive-charging", "type": "Term", "label": "Adaptive charging", "properties": { "id": "adaptive-charging", "name": "Adaptive charging", "aka": [ "optimised charging", "optimized battery charging", "intelligent charging" ], "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "Charging whose current and voltage limits adjust in real time to what the battery can safely take — its temperature, state of charge, health or impedance — or to when it is needed. Phones that hold at 80 % overnight and finish shortly before the owner wakes are an everyday example; vehicle chargers use the same idea against lithium plating.", "related": [ "mscc", "lithium-plating", "state-of-health", "smart-charging", "storage-soc", "non-linear-voltammetry-charging" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/adaptive-charging/", "mentions": [ "impedance", "state-of-charge" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:6178", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "topic:topic-charging", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:6179", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:mscc", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6180", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:lithium-plating", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6181", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:state-of-health", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6182", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:smart-charging", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6183", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:storage-soc", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6184", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/adaptive-charging/impedance", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:impedance", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/adaptive-charging/state-of-charge", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "term:state-of-charge", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6187", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "visual:derating", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } }, { "id": "edge:6188", "source": "term:adaptive-charging", "target": "reference:tomaszewska-charging", "type": "cites", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json", "scope": "direct technical reference" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "topic:topic-charging", "type": "Topic", "label": "Charging and discharging", "properties": { "id": "topic-charging", "name": "Charging and discharging", "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.", "context": "Separate regulation from availability.", "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/", "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities" } }, { "id": "term:mscc", "type": "Term", "label": "Multistage constant-current charging", "properties": { "id": "mscc", "name": "Multistage constant-current charging", "abbr": "MSCC", "aka": [ "step charging", "stepped CC" ], "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "A charge protocol with a sequence of constant-current stages, often reducing current as the cell fills. Stage transitions follow selected time, voltage, state-of-charge or other limits. Charging time and lithium-plating risk depend on the cell and control conditions; a staged profile alone does not establish an improvement.", "related": [ "cc-cv-charging", "fast-charging", "lithium-plating", "charging-curve", "xfc", "pulse-charging" ], "example": { "title": "Build a staged current profile", "text": "An illustrative sequence uses 3 A for 10 min, then 2 A for 10 min, then 1 A for 10 min. If every stage runs for its full duration, the charge transferred is 1 Ah. Voltage and temperature limits can terminate stages earlier." }, "notes": [ "A sequence of CC steps is distinct from an automatically combined multistage CC-CV charger." ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mscc/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:lithium-plating", "type": "Term", "label": "Lithium plating", "properties": { "id": "lithium-plating", "name": "Lithium plating", "section": "topic-aging", "definition": "Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.", "related": [ "dendrite", "fast-charging", "intercalation", "np-ratio", "dead-lithium", "electrodeposition" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#plating", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-plating/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:state-of-health", "type": "Term", "label": "State of health", "properties": { "id": "state-of-health", "name": "State of health", "abbr": "SOH", "section": "topic-state", "definition": "A summary of how far a cell has aged, often expressed through remaining capacity or increased resistance compared with when it was new. By convention a cell has reached end of life at 80 % of its rated capacity.", "unit": "%", "related": [ "capacity-fade", "impedance-rise", "end-of-life", "remaining-useful-life", "state-of-charge", "state-of-certified-energy" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-health/", "mentions": [ "nominal-capacity" ] } }, { "id": "term:smart-charging", "type": "Term", "label": "Smart charging", "properties": { "id": "smart-charging", "name": "Smart charging", "aka": [ "managed charging", "load management" ], "section": "topic-infrastructure", "definition": "Controlling when and how fast vehicles charge to fit grid capacity, electricity prices and departure times, rather than charging at full power on arrival. A depot of buses uses it to stay within its grid connection; homes use it to charge on cheap night tariffs.", "related": [ "depot-charging", "ocpp", "energy-management-system", "vehicle-to-grid", "iso-15118" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/smart-charging/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:storage-soc", "type": "Term", "label": "Storage state of charge", "properties": { "id": "storage-soc", "name": "Storage state of charge", "section": "topic-aging", "definition": "The state of charge at which a cell is kept when idle. Calendar aging rises with SOC because the negative electrode sits at a lower, more reactive potential, so cells are shipped and stored at 30–50 % rather than full.", "unit": "%", "related": [ "calendar-aging", "state-of-charge", "shipping-soc" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/storage-soc/", "mentions": [ "electrode", "negative-electrode" ] } }, { "id": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging", "type": "Term", "label": "Non-linear voltammetry charging", "properties": { "id": "non-linear-voltammetry-charging", "name": "Non-linear voltammetry charging", "abbr": "NLV", "aka": [ "nonlinear voltammetry charging", "NLV charging" ], "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "A fast-charging protocol from Rachid Yazami’s group in Singapore that never imposes a fixed current: the charger applies a rising series of short constant-voltage steps separated by brief rests, and the cell draws whatever current it accepts. Each step’s current decay decides when to move on; the developers report full charges in as little as 10 minutes.", "related": [ "fast-charging", "constant-voltage", "relaxation", "cc-cv-charging", "pulse-charging", "adaptive-charging" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/non-linear-voltammetry-charging/", "mentions": [ "charger" ] } }, { "id": "term:impedance", "type": "Term", "label": "Impedance", "properties": { "id": "impedance", "name": "Impedance", "abbr": "Z", "section": "topic-units", "definition": "The frequency-dependent generalisation of resistance, with a magnitude and a phase. A cell’s impedance separates ohmic, charge-transfer and diffusion contributions that a single DC resistance lumps together.", "unit": "Ω", "related": [ "internal-resistance", "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy", "nyquist-plot" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/impedance/", "mentions": [ "diffusion" ] } }, { "id": "term:state-of-charge", "type": "Term", "label": "State of charge", "properties": { "id": "state-of-charge", "name": "State of charge", "abbr": "SOC", "section": "topic-state", "definition": "How full a cell is, as a fraction of its available capacity. State of charge, like temperature, affects how fast a stored cell ages.", "unit": "%", "related": [ "depth-of-discharge", "ocv-soc-curve", "coulomb-counting", "state-of-health", "bms" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc", "example": { "title": "Interpret a charge inventory", "text": "If available capacity is 5 Ah and 3 Ah remains by the chosen estimator, SOC is 60%. A different estimate of available capacity changes this percentage, so compare SOC values only with the capacity convention recorded." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-charge/", "mentions": [ "usable-capacity" ] } }, { "id": "visual:derating", "type": "Visual", "label": "The limit sets the permitted current", "properties": { "title": "The limit sets the permitted current", "summary": "A requested current is clipped wherever an active limit is lower.", "readout": "Requested current: 8 A. At 50 °C the chosen limit permits 5 A.", "formula": "I_command = min(I_requested, I_limit)", "note": "Breakpoints are invented teaching values, not operating limits for a particular battery.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "A BMS can combine temperature, voltage and equipment limits. The selected breakpoints illustrate logic only; actual limits must be cell-specific.", "href": "https://lemonergy.com/wiki/charging-strategies/" }, "html": "
Illustrative temperature current limit
Illustrative temperature current limitTemperature (°C) versus Current (A). Limit; Permitted command. Interpretation follows the graphs.0-1037.5625942.51260Temperature (°C)Current (A)
LimitPermitted command (dashed)
" } }, { "id": "reference:tomaszewska-charging", "type": "Reference", "label": "Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review", "properties": { "title": "Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review", "publisher": "eTransportation", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2019.100011", "type": "Review article", "scope": "CC-CV and alternative charging protocols, transport limitations, degradation and thermal implications; results depend on cell and test conditions. Software behavior is documented separately in Lemonergy block references.", "year": 2019, "authors": [ "Anna Tomaszewska et al." ], "accessed": "2026-10-27" } } ] }