{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:48v-system",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "48 V system",
    "properties": {
      "id": "48v-system",
      "name": "48 V system",
      "aka": [
        "mild hybrid"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "A vehicle electrical architecture at 48 V, used for mild hybrids and heavy accessories. It stays below the 60 V threshold at which high-voltage safety rules begin, so it needs no orange cables or interlocks.",
      "related": [
        "hybrid-vehicle",
        "auxiliary-battery",
        "pack-voltage",
        "24v-system"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/48v-system/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3191",
      "source": "term:48v-system",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3192",
      "source": "term:48v-system",
      "target": "term:hybrid-vehicle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3193",
      "source": "term:48v-system",
      "target": "term:auxiliary-battery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3194",
      "source": "term:48v-system",
      "target": "term:pack-voltage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3195",
      "source": "term:48v-system",
      "target": "term:24v-system",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hybrid-vehicle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hybrid-vehicle",
        "name": "Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle",
        "abbr": "HEV, PHEV",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A hybrid pairs an engine with a small battery, around 1 kWh, that is cycled hard for power rather than energy; a plug-in hybrid adds a 10–25 kWh pack that can be charged from the grid for electric-only driving. Their cells are designed for power and life rather than energy.",
        "related": [
          "electric-vehicle",
          "specific-power",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "cycle-life",
          "48v-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hybrid-vehicle/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:auxiliary-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Auxiliary battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "auxiliary-battery",
        "name": "Auxiliary battery",
        "aka": [
          "12 V battery",
          "low-voltage battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The small 12 V or 48 V battery in an electric vehicle that powers the controllers, lights and locks and wakes the BMS, kept charged from the high-voltage pack through a DC/DC converter. A flat auxiliary battery immobilises the car however full the main pack is.",
        "related": [
          "dc-dc-converter",
          "lead-acid",
          "pack",
          "lin-bus"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/auxiliary-battery/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms",
          "electric-vehicle"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pack-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pack voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pack-voltage",
        "name": "Pack voltage",
        "aka": [
          "400 V system",
          "800 V system"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The nominal voltage of the full series string, about 400 V in most electric cars and 800 V in newer ones. Doubling the voltage halves the current for the same power, so cables, connectors and losses shrink and charging can be faster.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "insulation-resistance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pack-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-voltage",
          "string"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:24v-system",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "24 V system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "24v-system",
        "name": "24 V system",
        "aka": [
          "24 V electrical system",
          "24-volt system"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The low-voltage electrical system of trucks, buses and coaches, traditionally fed by two 12 V lead–acid batteries in series. In an electric bus or truck it still powers the controllers, doors and lights, kept charged by a DC/DC converter from the traction pack; its higher voltage than a car’s 12 V halves the current for the same load.",
        "related": [
          "auxiliary-battery",
          "dc-dc-converter",
          "electric-bus",
          "48v-system",
          "extra-low-voltage",
          "lead-acid"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/24v-system/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}