{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:3d-electrode",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "3D electrode",
    "properties": {
      "id": "3d-electrode",
      "name": "3D electrode",
      "aka": [
        "three-dimensional electrode",
        "structured electrode",
        "laser-structured electrode"
      ],
      "section": "topic-components",
      "definition": "An electrode given a deliberate three-dimensional geometry — laser-drilled channels, interdigitated pillars or a porous metal-foam current collector — instead of a uniform flat coating. The structure shortens the paths ions must travel through a thick electrode and enlarges the reactive surface, so a cell can keep its energy while charging faster.",
      "related": [
        "tortuosity",
        "areal-loading",
        "porous-electrode",
        "fast-charging",
        "current-collector",
        "xfc"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/3d-electrode/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "coating"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5676",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5677",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:tortuosity",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5678",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:areal-loading",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5679",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:porous-electrode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5680",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5681",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:current-collector",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5682",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:xfc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/3d-electrode/electrode",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/3d-electrode/coating",
      "source": "term:3d-electrode",
      "target": "term:coating",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Cell components and electrode materials",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-components",
        "name": "Cell components and electrode materials",
        "lede": "What a cell is physically made of — active materials, binders, additives, foils and tabs — and how its electrodes are put together.",
        "context": "Connect each material with its function.",
        "example": "Electrons travel through additive, foil and tab; ions use electrolyte and separator pathways.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:tortuosity",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Tortuosity",
      "properties": {
        "id": "tortuosity",
        "name": "Tortuosity",
        "abbr": "τ",
        "section": "topic-transport",
        "definition": "How winding the path through a porous layer is, compared with a straight line through it. High tortuosity means ions travel much further than the layer is thick, which limits how fast a thick, dense electrode can be charged or discharged.",
        "unit": "—",
        "related": [
          "porosity",
          "bruggeman-relation",
          "porous-electrode",
          "rate-capability",
          "ionic-path"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#porosity",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/tortuosity/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "winding"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:areal-loading",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Areal loading",
      "properties": {
        "id": "areal-loading",
        "name": "Areal loading",
        "aka": [
          "mass loading",
          "areal capacity"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "How much active material, or capacity, an electrode carries per square centimetre of foil, typically 2–5 mAh/cm². Higher loading raises energy density but lengthens the ion path, which limits fast charging.",
        "unit": "mAh/cm², mg/cm²",
        "related": [
          "coating",
          "energy-density",
          "fast-charging",
          "tortuosity"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert mass and area",
          "text": "200 mg active material over 20 cm² gives 10 mg/cm² loading. State whether the measurement includes one or both coated sides."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/areal-loading/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "electrode",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:porous-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Porous electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "porous-electrode",
        "name": "Porous electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "An electrode made of active-material particles, conductive additive and binder with electrolyte-filled pores between them. Its large internal surface is where the reaction happens.",
        "related": [
          "porosity",
          "tortuosity",
          "active-material",
          "porous-electrode-theory",
          "3d-electrode"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#porosity",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/porous-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fast-charging",
        "name": "Fast charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "c-rate",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "thermal-management",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:current-collector",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Current collector",
      "properties": {
        "id": "current-collector",
        "name": "Current collector",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The thin metal foil that carries electrons between an electrode and the external circuit — usually copper on the negative side and aluminium on the positive side.",
        "related": [
          "copper-foil",
          "aluminium-foil",
          "tab",
          "electronic-path"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow current to a tab",
          "text": "Current converges through foil toward the tab. The collector contributes mass and resistance without being the principal active material."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/current-collector/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:xfc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Extreme fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "xfc",
        "name": "Extreme fast charging",
        "abbr": "XFC",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging a vehicle battery in about 10–15 minutes, roughly 4C to 6C — the US Department of Energy’s research target that set the term. At these rates lithium plating, heat and electrolyte transport limit the cell, so XFC needs thin or structured electrodes, strong cooling and careful protocols.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "lithium-plating",
          "hpc",
          "areal-loading",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/xfc/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coating",
        "name": "Coating",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Applying slurry to the moving foil at a controlled wet thickness, usually with a slot die, often on both sides. Coating weight per area must be held within about one percent across the web, because every downstream property depends on it.",
        "related": [
          "slot-die",
          "areal-loading",
          "drying",
          "electrode-manufacturing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Wet and dry thickness differ",
          "text": "Wet coating includes solvent. Dry thickness also depends on retained solids and resulting structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coating/",
        "mentions": [
          "slurry"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}