{
  "node": {
    "id": "block:variable-gap-capacitor",
    "type": "Block",
    "label": "Electromechanical variable-gap capacitor",
    "properties": {
      "id": "variable-gap-capacitor",
      "name": "Electromechanical variable-gap capacitor",
      "kind": "studio",
      "summary": "Parallel-plate field energy and attractive force; a-minus-b motion closes the gap. No fringing or contact model; gap closure refuses.",
      "behavior": "Conserving component solved simultaneously with the connected network. Parallel-plate field energy and attractive force; a-minus-b motion closes the gap. No fringing or contact model; gap closure refuses.",
      "ports": [
        {
          "name": "p",
          "direction": "terminal",
          "unit": "V; A",
          "description": "electrical conserving connection; voltage across and current through the connected branch."
        },
        {
          "name": "n",
          "direction": "terminal",
          "unit": "V; A",
          "description": "electrical conserving connection; voltage across and current through the connected branch."
        },
        {
          "name": "a",
          "direction": "terminal",
          "unit": "m; m/s; N",
          "description": "translational conserving connection; shared mechanical position or speed with balanced effort."
        },
        {
          "name": "b",
          "direction": "terminal",
          "unit": "m; m/s; N",
          "description": "translational conserving connection; shared mechanical position or speed with balanced effort."
        },
        {
          "name": "current",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "A",
          "description": "Recorded current measurement from the conserving simulation."
        },
        {
          "name": "voltage",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "V",
          "description": "Recorded voltage measurement from the conserving simulation."
        },
        {
          "name": "storedEnergy",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "J",
          "description": "Recorded stored energy measurement from the conserving simulation."
        }
      ],
      "parameters": [
        {
          "key": "areaM2",
          "label": "Exchange area",
          "unit": "m2",
          "default": 0.01,
          "description": "Area used by the declared heat-transfer or parallel-plate field equation.",
          "min": 1e-12,
          "max": 1000000
        },
        {
          "key": "permittivityFm",
          "label": "Permittivity",
          "unit": "F/m",
          "default": 8.8541878128e-12,
          "description": "Permittivity of the uniform material between the capacitor plates.",
          "min": 1e-15,
          "max": 1
        },
        {
          "key": "initialGapM",
          "label": "Reference plate separation",
          "unit": "m",
          "default": 0.001,
          "description": "Plate separation before relative mechanical displacement is subtracted.",
          "min": 1e-09,
          "max": 1000
        },
        {
          "key": "minimumGapM",
          "label": "Minimum plate separation",
          "unit": "m",
          "default": 1e-06,
          "description": "Separation at which the model refuses further motion because contact is not modeled.",
          "min": 1e-12,
          "max": 1000
        },
        {
          "key": "initialVoltageV",
          "label": "Initial voltage",
          "unit": "V",
          "default": 0,
          "description": "Requested initial electrical voltage for the declared storage or target.",
          "min": -1000000,
          "max": 1000000
        }
      ],
      "equations": [
        "gap = initial separation − (xa − xb)",
        "C = permittivity × area / gap",
        "V = q/C; I = dq/dt",
        "F = q²/(2 × permittivity × area)"
      ],
      "example": {
        "title": "Electromechanical variable-gap capacitor worked example",
        "text": "Editable first-party network. mass: massKg=0.001; target: initialVoltageV=10. Checks below were verified in the native execution engine.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=physical-variable-gap-capacitor",
        "label": "Open Studio example",
        "inputs": [
          {
            "port": "areaM2",
            "label": "Exchange area",
            "value": 0.01,
            "unit": "m2"
          },
          {
            "port": "permittivityFm",
            "label": "Permittivity",
            "value": 8.8541878128e-12,
            "unit": "F/m"
          },
          {
            "port": "initialGapM",
            "label": "Reference plate separation",
            "value": 0.001,
            "unit": "m"
          },
          {
            "port": "minimumGapM",
            "label": "Minimum plate separation",
            "value": 1e-06,
            "unit": "m"
          }
        ],
        "checks": [
          {
            "port": "target/current",
            "label": "current",
            "atS": 0.01,
            "value": -1.12103877e-42,
            "unit": "A",
            "tolerance": 1e-10
          },
          {
            "port": "target/voltage",
            "label": "voltage",
            "atS": 0.01,
            "value": 9.99767578,
            "unit": "V",
            "tolerance": 9.997675775699118e-06
          },
          {
            "port": "target/storedEnergy",
            "label": "storedEnergy",
            "atS": 0.01,
            "value": 4.42606495e-09,
            "unit": "J",
            "tolerance": 1e-10
          }
        ]
      },
      "limits": [
        "Parallel-plate field energy and attractive force; a-minus-b motion closes the gap. No fringing or contact model; gap closure refuses.",
        "Demonstration parameters are not calibrated hardware data. Singular or incompatible ideal constraints and unsupported state ranges stop the run."
      ],
      "references": [
        "physical-capacitor",
        "physical-circuit"
      ],
      "availability": {
        "status": "released",
        "label": "Available in Lemonergy Studio",
        "detail": "The bundled example is available in the production release verified on 28 October 2026. The parameters and examples here are synthetic teaching fixtures, not a characterized cell or a validated operating limit."
      },
      "evidence": [
        "docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json"
      ],
      "sourceRepository": "Lemonergy Studio public contract",
      "sourceRevision": "verification-2026-10-27",
      "caseIds": [
        "native-variable-gap-capacitor"
      ],
      "type": "variable-gap-capacitor",
      "implementationId": "variable-gap-capacitor",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blocks/variable-gap-capacitor/",
      "documentationUrl": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blocks/variable-gap-capacitor/",
      "sourceFile": "block-library.json",
      "reviewed": "2026-10-27",
      "releaseEvidence": {
        "environment": "production",
        "status": "verified",
        "revision": "e76cadfc203e15eb41f3478d8b1044a5b851953d",
        "verifiedOn": "2026-10-28",
        "exampleUrls": [
          "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=physical-variable-gap-capacitor"
        ]
      }
    }
  },
  "incoming": [
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/native-variable-gap-capacitor/0",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "workflow:native-variable-gap-capacitor",
      "target": "block:variable-gap-capacitor",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json",
        "position": 0,
        "name": "Electromechanical variable-gap capacitor",
        "type": "variable-gap-capacitor",
        "role": "Conserving component solved simultaneously with the connected network. Parallel-plate field energy and attractive force; a-minus-b motion closes the gap. No fringing or contact model; gap closure refuses.",
        "settings": [
          "Use the block reference for settings and connections.",
          "Bundled example verified on the production release of 28 October 2026."
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "outgoing": [
    {
      "id": "edge:cites/block:variable-gap-capacitor/reference:physical-capacitor",
      "type": "cites",
      "source": "block:variable-gap-capacitor",
      "target": "reference:physical-capacitor",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "block-library.json",
        "scope": "Scientific or mathematical background; implementation scope is stated by the block contract"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:cites/block:variable-gap-capacitor/reference:physical-circuit",
      "type": "cites",
      "source": "block:variable-gap-capacitor",
      "target": "reference:physical-circuit",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "block-library.json",
        "scope": "Scientific or mathematical background; implementation scope is stated by the block contract"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:native-variable-gap-capacitor",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Electromechanical variable-gap capacitor worked example",
      "properties": {
        "id": "native-variable-gap-capacitor",
        "title": "Electromechanical variable-gap capacitor worked example",
        "kind": "studio",
        "summary": "Parallel-plate field energy and attractive force; a-minus-b motion closes the gap. No fringing or contact model; gap closure refuses.",
        "steps": [
          "Review the interface, units and model limits.",
          "Open the Studio example and run its bundled model.",
          "Compare outputs with the numerical checks; change one input and run again."
        ],
        "example": "Editable first-party network. mass: massKg=0.001; target: initialVoltageV=10. Checks below were verified in the native execution engine.",
        "observe": "Inspect the output channels and checks on the block reference page.",
        "limits": "Parallel-plate field energy and attractive force; a-minus-b motion closes the gap. No fringing or contact model; gap closure refuses. Demonstration parameters are not calibrated hardware data. Singular or incompatible ideal constraints and unsupported state ranges stop the run.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=physical-variable-gap-capacitor",
        "label": "Open Studio example",
        "evidence": [
          "docs/glossary/native-block-verification.json"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:physical-capacitor",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Energy Stored in a Capacitor",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Energy Stored in a Capacitor",
        "publisher": "OpenStax, Rice University",
        "url": "https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/8-3-energy-stored-in-a-capacitor",
        "type": "Primary educational or metrology reference",
        "scope": "Underlying physical law or reduced-model basis; Lemonergy implementation choices and limits are documented separately.",
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:physical-circuit",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Kirchhoff's Rules",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Kirchhoff's Rules",
        "publisher": "OpenStax, Rice University",
        "url": "https://openstax.org/books/university-physics-volume-2/pages/10-3-kirchhoffs-rules",
        "type": "Primary educational or metrology reference",
        "scope": "Underlying physical law or reduced-model basis; Lemonergy implementation choices and limits are documented separately.",
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}