{
  "node": {
    "id": "block:tyre-contact",
    "type": "Block",
    "label": "Combined-slip tyre and compliant road contact",
    "properties": {
      "id": "tyre-contact",
      "kind": "studio",
      "name": "Combined-slip tyre and compliant road contact",
      "summary": "Combines compliant road contact with longitudinal and lateral slip forces, coupled to wheel-shaft torque.",
      "behavior": "Combines compliant road contact with longitudinal and lateral slip forces, coupled to wheel-shaft torque.",
      "documentationSlug": "tyre-contact",
      "referenceOnly": true,
      "ports": [
        {
          "name": "a",
          "direction": "conserving",
          "unit": "frame",
          "description": "Reference frame A"
        },
        {
          "name": "b",
          "direction": "conserving",
          "unit": "frame",
          "description": "Attached frame B"
        },
        {
          "name": "shaft",
          "direction": "conserving",
          "unit": "rotational",
          "description": "Wheel rotational shaft"
        },
        {
          "name": "Steering angle",
          "direction": "input",
          "unit": "rad (dimensionless signal)",
          "description": "Steering angle is a directed dimensionless input to this component, expressed in rad (dimensionless signal). Its binding supplies information; it is not a conserving connection."
        },
        {
          "name": "normal Force",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "N",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: normal Force."
        },
        {
          "name": "longitudinal Force",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "N",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: longitudinal Force."
        },
        {
          "name": "lateral Force",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "N",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: lateral Force."
        },
        {
          "name": "slip Speed",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "m/s",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: slip Speed."
        },
        {
          "name": "heat",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "W",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: heat."
        }
      ],
      "parameters": [
        {
          "key": "radiusM",
          "label": "radiusM",
          "unit": "m",
          "default": 0.3,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: radiusM.",
          "min": 1e-06,
          "max": 10
        },
        {
          "key": "normalStiffnessNM",
          "label": "normalStiffnessNM",
          "unit": "N/m",
          "default": 200000,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: normalStiffnessNM.",
          "min": 1e-06,
          "max": 1000000000000
        },
        {
          "key": "normalDampingNSM",
          "label": "normalDampingNSM",
          "unit": "N s/m",
          "default": 2000,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: normalDampingNSM.",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1000000000000
        },
        {
          "key": "friction",
          "label": "friction",
          "unit": "1",
          "default": 0.9,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: friction.",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 10
        },
        {
          "key": "longitudinalStiffness",
          "label": "longitudinalStiffness",
          "unit": "N s/m",
          "default": 20000,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: longitudinalStiffness.",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1000000000000
        },
        {
          "key": "lateralStiffness",
          "label": "lateralStiffness",
          "unit": "N s/m",
          "default": 20000,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: lateralStiffness.",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1000000000000
        },
        {
          "key": "steeringRad",
          "label": "steeringRad",
          "unit": "rad",
          "default": 0,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: steeringRad.",
          "min": -1.5,
          "max": 1.5
        }
      ],
      "equations": [],
      "example": {
        "title": "Use this authoring component",
        "text": "Choose this component in the Studio library and configure its declared interface. This reference describes the authoring contract; it does not claim a standalone numerical validation or a measured result.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim",
        "label": "Open Studio"
      },
      "limits": [
        "The symbolic diagram describes the component and its declared interface. It is not a solved circuit or simulated output.",
        "Configured parameters and model connections determine the result. Check the complete model before interpreting its outputs."
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "docs/glossary/studio-help-catalog.json"
      ],
      "caseIds": [],
      "sourceRepository": "battery-design",
      "sourceRevision": "e248d21a9902225f1075624f23e7628b54cdb7cc",
      "reviewed": "2026-10-30",
      "type": "tyre-contact",
      "implementationId": "tyre-contact",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blocks/tyre-contact/",
      "documentationUrl": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blocks/tyre-contact/",
      "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
      "studioHelp": {
        "type": "tyre-contact",
        "namespace": "physical",
        "slug": "tyre-contact",
        "canonicalSlug": "tyre-contact",
        "existing": false,
        "dynamic": false,
        "scene": {
          "kind": "component",
          "componentId": "reference",
          "type": "tyre-contact",
          "name": "Combined-slip tyre and compliant road contact",
          "domain": "mechanical",
          "family": "contact",
          "operation": "Combines compliant road contact with longitudinal and lateral slip forces, coupled to wheel-shaft torque.",
          "mechanism": [
            "Road contact and slip",
            "Friction limit",
            "Body force and wheel torque"
          ],
          "ports": [
            {
              "id": "a",
              "domain": "frame",
              "kind": "conserving",
              "label": "Reference frame A",
              "net": null,
              "peers": []
            },
            {
              "id": "b",
              "domain": "frame",
              "kind": "conserving",
              "label": "Attached frame B",
              "net": null,
              "peers": []
            },
            {
              "id": "shaft",
              "domain": "rotational",
              "kind": "conserving",
              "label": "Wheel rotational shaft",
              "net": null,
              "peers": []
            }
          ],
          "terms": [
            {
              "type": "plane-contact",
              "label": "Compliant unilateral plane contact"
            },
            {
              "type": "shaft-frame",
              "label": "Shaft to rigid-body frame"
            }
          ],
          "symbol": [
            {
              "tag": "path",
              "attrs": {
                "d": "M25 65H180M45 70L35 78M80 70L70 78M115 70L105 78M150 70L140 78"
              }
            },
            {
              "tag": "circle",
              "attrs": {
                "cx": 100,
                "cy": 35,
                "r": 29
              }
            }
          ],
          "selection": {},
          "commands": [
            {
              "id": "steering",
              "label": "Steering angle",
              "quantity": "dimensionless",
              "unit": "rad (dimensionless signal)",
              "active": true,
              "summary": "Steering angle is a directed dimensionless input to this component, expressed in rad (dimensionless signal). Its binding supplies information; it is not a conserving connection.",
              "source": null,
              "target": null
            }
          ],
          "outputs": [
            {
              "id": "normalForce",
              "quantity": "force",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "normal Force",
              "unit": "N"
            },
            {
              "id": "longitudinalForce",
              "quantity": "force",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "longitudinal Force",
              "unit": "N"
            },
            {
              "id": "lateralForce",
              "quantity": "force",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "lateral Force",
              "unit": "N"
            },
            {
              "id": "slipSpeed",
              "quantity": "linear-speed",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "slip Speed",
              "unit": "m/s"
            },
            {
              "id": "heat",
              "quantity": "power",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "heat",
              "unit": "W"
            }
          ],
          "parameters": [
            {
              "id": "radiusM",
              "default": 0.3,
              "unit": "m",
              "min": 1e-06,
              "max": 10,
              "value": 0.3
            },
            {
              "id": "normalStiffnessNM",
              "default": 200000,
              "unit": "N/m",
              "min": 1e-06,
              "max": 1000000000000,
              "value": 200000
            },
            {
              "id": "normalDampingNSM",
              "default": 2000,
              "unit": "N s/m",
              "min": 0,
              "max": 1000000000000,
              "value": 2000
            },
            {
              "id": "friction",
              "default": 0.9,
              "unit": "1",
              "min": 0,
              "max": 10,
              "value": 0.9
            },
            {
              "id": "longitudinalStiffness",
              "default": 20000,
              "unit": "N s/m",
              "min": 0,
              "max": 1000000000000,
              "value": 20000
            },
            {
              "id": "lateralStiffness",
              "default": 20000,
              "unit": "N s/m",
              "min": 0,
              "max": 1000000000000,
              "value": 20000
            },
            {
              "id": "steeringRad",
              "default": 0,
              "unit": "rad",
              "min": -1.5,
              "max": 1.5,
              "value": 0
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "incoming": [
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:power/block:tyre-contact",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:power",
      "target": "block:tyre-contact",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "outgoing": [],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "term:power",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Power",
      "properties": {
        "id": "power",
        "name": "Power",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The rate at which a cell delivers or absorbs energy: voltage times current, in watts. Power is limited by internal resistance and temperature long before capacity runs out.",
        "formula": "P = V × I",
        "unit": "W",
        "related": [
          "watt",
          "specific-power",
          "state-of-power",
          "internal-resistance"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Separate power from energy",
          "text": "A 100 W load running for 30 min uses 50 Wh. Power tells you how fast energy is transferred; the duration determines how much energy is transferred."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/power/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}