{
  "node": {
    "id": "block:electrothermal-battery",
    "type": "Block",
    "label": "Independent electrothermal battery",
    "properties": {
      "id": "electrothermal-battery",
      "kind": "studio",
      "name": "Independent electrothermal battery",
      "summary": "Evolves independent state of charge from signed terminal current, using linear OCV and temperature-dependent resistance while delivering Joule heat at h.",
      "behavior": "Evolves independent state of charge from signed terminal current, using linear OCV and temperature-dependent resistance while delivering Joule heat at h.",
      "documentationSlug": "electrothermal-battery",
      "referenceOnly": true,
      "ports": [
        {
          "name": "p",
          "direction": "conserving",
          "unit": "electrical",
          "description": "Positive voltage-reference terminal"
        },
        {
          "name": "n",
          "direction": "conserving",
          "unit": "electrical",
          "description": "Negative voltage-reference terminal"
        },
        {
          "name": "h",
          "direction": "conserving",
          "unit": "thermal",
          "description": "Bulk-temperature and Joule-heat contact"
        },
        {
          "name": "voltage",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "V",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: voltage."
        },
        {
          "name": "current",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "A",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: current."
        },
        {
          "name": "power",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "W",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: power."
        },
        {
          "name": "soc Signal",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "fraction",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: soc Signal."
        },
        {
          "name": "temperature",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "K",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: temperature."
        },
        {
          "name": "ocv",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "V",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: ocv."
        },
        {
          "name": "resistance",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "Ω",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: resistance."
        },
        {
          "name": "loss",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "W",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: loss."
        },
        {
          "name": "chemical Energy",
          "direction": "output",
          "unit": "J",
          "description": "Directed output available to compatible consumers: chemical Energy."
        }
      ],
      "parameters": [
        {
          "key": "capacityAh",
          "label": "capacityAh",
          "unit": "Ah",
          "default": 100,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: capacityAh.",
          "min": 1e-06,
          "max": 1000000000
        },
        {
          "key": "initialSoc",
          "label": "initialSoc",
          "unit": "fraction",
          "default": 0.8,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: initialSoc.",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1
        },
        {
          "key": "emptyVoltageV",
          "label": "emptyVoltageV",
          "unit": "V",
          "default": 300,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: emptyVoltageV.",
          "min": 0.01,
          "max": 1000000
        },
        {
          "key": "fullVoltageV",
          "label": "fullVoltageV",
          "unit": "V",
          "default": 420,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: fullVoltageV.",
          "min": 0.01,
          "max": 1000000
        },
        {
          "key": "resistanceOhm",
          "label": "resistanceOhm",
          "unit": "ohm",
          "default": 0.08,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: resistanceOhm.",
          "min": 1e-08,
          "max": 1000000
        },
        {
          "key": "capacitySoh",
          "label": "capacitySoh",
          "unit": "fraction",
          "default": 1,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: capacitySoh.",
          "min": 0.01,
          "max": 1
        },
        {
          "key": "resistanceMultiplier",
          "label": "resistanceMultiplier",
          "unit": "multiplier",
          "default": 1,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: resistanceMultiplier.",
          "min": 0.01,
          "max": 1000
        },
        {
          "key": "referenceTemperatureK",
          "label": "referenceTemperatureK",
          "unit": "K",
          "default": 298.15,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: referenceTemperatureK.",
          "min": 1,
          "max": 2000
        },
        {
          "key": "resistanceTemperatureCoefficient",
          "label": "resistanceTemperatureCoefficient",
          "unit": "1/K",
          "default": 0,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: resistanceTemperatureCoefficient.",
          "min": -0.01,
          "max": 0.1
        },
        {
          "key": "initialThroughputAh",
          "label": "initialThroughputAh",
          "unit": "Ah",
          "default": 0,
          "description": "Declared authoring field: initialThroughputAh.",
          "min": 0,
          "max": 1000000000000
        }
      ],
      "equations": [],
      "example": {
        "title": "Use this authoring component",
        "text": "Choose this component in the Studio library and configure its declared interface. This reference describes the authoring contract; it does not claim a standalone numerical validation or a measured result.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim",
        "label": "Open Studio"
      },
      "limits": [
        "The symbolic diagram describes the component and its declared interface. It is not a solved circuit or simulated output.",
        "Configured parameters and model connections determine the result. Check the complete model before interpreting its outputs."
      ],
      "evidence": [
        "docs/glossary/studio-help-catalog.json"
      ],
      "caseIds": [],
      "sourceRepository": "battery-design",
      "sourceRevision": "0a28f1a0a75a0447903b868cbcc734133a77a847",
      "reviewed": "2026-10-30",
      "type": "electrothermal-battery",
      "implementationId": "electrothermal-battery",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blocks/electrothermal-battery/",
      "documentationUrl": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blocks/electrothermal-battery/",
      "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
      "studioHelp": {
        "type": "electrothermal-battery",
        "namespace": "physical",
        "slug": "electrothermal-battery",
        "canonicalSlug": "electrothermal-battery",
        "existing": false,
        "dynamic": false,
        "scene": {
          "kind": "component",
          "componentId": "reference",
          "type": "electrothermal-battery",
          "name": "Independent electrothermal battery",
          "domain": "electrical",
          "family": "battery",
          "operation": "Evolves independent state of charge from signed terminal current, using linear OCV and temperature-dependent resistance while delivering Joule heat at h.",
          "mechanism": [
            "SOC and bulk temperature",
            "OCV and series resistance",
            "Terminal power and heat"
          ],
          "ports": [
            {
              "id": "p",
              "domain": "electrical",
              "kind": "conserving",
              "label": "Positive voltage-reference terminal",
              "net": null,
              "peers": []
            },
            {
              "id": "n",
              "domain": "electrical",
              "kind": "conserving",
              "label": "Negative voltage-reference terminal",
              "net": null,
              "peers": []
            },
            {
              "id": "h",
              "domain": "thermal",
              "kind": "conserving",
              "label": "Bulk-temperature and Joule-heat contact",
              "net": null,
              "peers": []
            }
          ],
          "terms": [
            {
              "type": "pack-power-boundary",
              "label": "SOC and temperature limited signed power boundary"
            },
            {
              "type": "thermal-mass",
              "label": "Thermal mass"
            }
          ],
          "symbol": [
            {
              "tag": "path",
              "attrs": {
                "d": "M10 40H60M60 10V70M80 25V55M120 10V70M140 25V55M140 40H190"
              }
            }
          ],
          "selection": {},
          "commands": [],
          "outputs": [
            {
              "id": "voltage",
              "quantity": "voltage",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "voltage",
              "unit": "V"
            },
            {
              "id": "current",
              "quantity": "current",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "current",
              "unit": "A"
            },
            {
              "id": "power",
              "quantity": "power",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "power",
              "unit": "W"
            },
            {
              "id": "socSignal",
              "quantity": "fraction",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "soc Signal",
              "unit": "fraction"
            },
            {
              "id": "temperature",
              "quantity": "temperature",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "temperature",
              "unit": "K"
            },
            {
              "id": "ocv",
              "quantity": "voltage",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "ocv",
              "unit": "V"
            },
            {
              "id": "resistance",
              "quantity": "resistance",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "resistance",
              "unit": "Ω"
            },
            {
              "id": "loss",
              "quantity": "power",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "loss",
              "unit": "W"
            },
            {
              "id": "chemicalEnergy",
              "quantity": "energy",
              "declared": true,
              "consumers": [],
              "label": "chemical Energy",
              "unit": "J"
            }
          ],
          "parameters": [
            {
              "id": "capacityAh",
              "default": 100,
              "unit": "Ah",
              "min": 1e-06,
              "max": 1000000000,
              "value": 100
            },
            {
              "id": "initialSoc",
              "default": 0.8,
              "unit": "fraction",
              "min": 0,
              "max": 1,
              "value": 0.8
            },
            {
              "id": "emptyVoltageV",
              "default": 300,
              "unit": "V",
              "min": 0.01,
              "max": 1000000,
              "value": 300
            },
            {
              "id": "fullVoltageV",
              "default": 420,
              "unit": "V",
              "min": 0.01,
              "max": 1000000,
              "value": 420
            },
            {
              "id": "resistanceOhm",
              "default": 0.08,
              "unit": "ohm",
              "min": 1e-08,
              "max": 1000000,
              "value": 0.08
            },
            {
              "id": "capacitySoh",
              "default": 1,
              "unit": "fraction",
              "min": 0.01,
              "max": 1,
              "value": 1
            },
            {
              "id": "resistanceMultiplier",
              "default": 1,
              "unit": "multiplier",
              "min": 0.01,
              "max": 1000,
              "value": 1
            },
            {
              "id": "referenceTemperatureK",
              "default": 298.15,
              "unit": "K",
              "min": 1,
              "max": 2000,
              "value": 298.15
            },
            {
              "id": "resistanceTemperatureCoefficient",
              "default": 0,
              "unit": "1/K",
              "min": -0.01,
              "max": 0.1,
              "value": 0
            },
            {
              "id": "initialThroughputAh",
              "default": 0,
              "unit": "Ah",
              "min": 0,
              "max": 1000000000000,
              "value": 0
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    }
  },
  "incoming": [
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:current/block:electrothermal-battery",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:current",
      "target": "block:electrothermal-battery",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:energy/block:electrothermal-battery",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:energy",
      "target": "block:electrothermal-battery",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:internal-resistance/block:electrothermal-battery",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:internal-resistance",
      "target": "block:electrothermal-battery",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:operating-temperature/block:electrothermal-battery",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:operating-temperature",
      "target": "block:electrothermal-battery",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:power/block:electrothermal-battery",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:power",
      "target": "block:electrothermal-battery",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:usesBlock/term:voltage/block:electrothermal-battery",
      "type": "usesBlock",
      "source": "term:voltage",
      "target": "block:electrothermal-battery",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "studio-help-catalog.json",
        "scope": "Declared interface quantity or semantic operation; not a numerical validation claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "outgoing": [],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "term:current",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Current",
      "properties": {
        "id": "current",
        "name": "Current",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The rate at which charge flows through the cell and its circuit, in amperes. Outside the cell it is carried by electrons; inside, by lithium ions moving through the electrolyte.",
        "formula": "I = dQ/dt",
        "unit": "A",
        "related": [
          "ampere",
          "c-rate",
          "ionic-path"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#discharge",
        "example": {
          "title": "Convert charge transfer to current",
          "text": "If 120 C passes a point in 60 s at a steady rate, the current is 2 A. When the rate varies, integrate the current trace to recover the total charge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/current/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy",
        "name": "Energy",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "What a battery stores and delivers: the integral of power over time, in watt-hours or joules. It is capacity times voltage, which is why two cells with equal ampere-hours can hold different energy.",
        "formula": "E = ∫ V·I dt",
        "unit": "Wh",
        "related": [
          "watt-hour",
          "nominal-energy",
          "energy-density"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "example": {
          "title": "Integrate a changing power trace",
          "text": "A load that draws 40 W for 15 min and then 20 W for 30 min uses 20 Wh in total. Add the area under each part of the power-versus-time trace."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:internal-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Internal resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "internal-resistance",
        "name": "Internal resistance",
        "abbr": "IR",
        "aka": [
          "DC resistance",
          "DCIR"
        ],
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The resistance a cell presents to current, from its foils, electrolyte, interfaces and the reactions themselves. It converts part of the delivered energy into heat, sets the voltage drop under load, and rises as the cell ages; a large automotive cell has about a milliohm, a small cylindrical cell tens.",
        "unit": "mΩ",
        "related": [
          "ohms-law",
          "ir-drop",
          "impedance-rise",
          "dcir",
          "area-specific-resistance",
          "resistance-capacity-product"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#datasheet",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/internal-resistance/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "cylindrical-cell"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:operating-temperature",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Operating temperature",
      "properties": {
        "id": "operating-temperature",
        "name": "Operating temperature",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The temperature range a cell may be charged and discharged in, typically 0–45 °C for charging and −20–60 °C for discharging. Charging below 0 °C risks lithium plating; above the range the cell ages fast and may vent.",
        "unit": "°C",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "arrhenius",
          "thermal-management",
          "datasheet"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#temperature",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/operating-temperature/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:power",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Power",
      "properties": {
        "id": "power",
        "name": "Power",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The rate at which a cell delivers or absorbs energy: voltage times current, in watts. Power is limited by internal resistance and temperature long before capacity runs out.",
        "formula": "P = V × I",
        "unit": "W",
        "related": [
          "watt",
          "specific-power",
          "state-of-power",
          "internal-resistance"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Separate power from energy",
          "text": "A 100 W load running for 30 min uses 50 Wh. Power tells you how fast energy is transferred; the duration determines how much energy is transferred."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/power/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "voltage",
        "name": "Voltage",
        "aka": [
          "terminal voltage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The potential difference between a cell’s two terminals. It comes from the chemical difference between the electrodes, moves with state of charge, and sags under load because of internal resistance.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "internal-resistance",
          "ir-drop"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#voltage",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}